Art History- Comparing Renaissance and Baroque art Essay

Art History- Comparing Renaissance and Baroque art - Essay Example The Virgin with the Canon van der Paele is an outstanding painting of Virgin Mary. In the painting, Jesus is sitting on Mary’s lap. Mary is not the only person represented in this painting, there are other significant persons. An interesting aspect of the painting is the articulate and accurate coloration. In general, the painting is more real, representative of life and provides immense detail. On the other hand, The Swing (1766) is a depiction of has guarding statues of the garden swing. In this drawing, the colors are muter and it is mainly characterized with some kind of darkness and shadowy effect. However, the darkness is non-sinister, but rather is a result of illumination effect of the trees that provide privacy to the two lovers in the painting. There is therefore a bright effect emanating from the tree breaks, from where the sun’s rays maneuvers its way to illuminate the woman who is wearing a pink dress which is one of the bright spots in the picture. The two paintings bear some level of similarity. Firstly, both represent a scene characterized by multiple persons. Van Eyck’s painting shows immense detail with regard to painting backgrounds just as much as is the case in Fragonard painting (Gardner and Kleiner 571). However, as much as the details in Fragonard paintings are substantial, they are much smaller and rather it is the leaves and trees that take much of the focus instead of the swinging lady. There is also some level of contrast in the paintings. While van Eyck’s painting is more serious, more religious and sacred.

Critical Evaluation for the Presentation of Research Data Essay

Critical Evaluation for the Presentation of Research Data - Essay Example The nature of a structure implies a need or needs that the structure will have to address. Man’s needs are many. Some of the more basic ones pertain to food, clothing, and shelter. Beyond the basic needs are the need for leisure, recreation, social life, and aesthetics. This is only a small fraction of some of man’s needs. At the same time, architectural design can also come in to define how each of these needs will be addressed. All families need a living room but the living room can be small, large, or very large, depending on how one would define his or her family’s needs for a living room. Further, even if all families may want a specific size of a living room. However, the same living room may be elegant, classy, or simply simple. Take for instance, a shelter or a home. How should a home be designed in a way that the shelter becomes aesthetic and responsive to the needs of a family? Aesthetics have perspectives. The family or the client’s taste can be gothic, roman, modern, conservative, classic, psychedelic or specific taste. They homeowner may be of Latin American heritage, African, European, Asian, French, Chinese, American Indian, Black American, or from another race or ethnicity. Each of the race or ethnic group may have a perspective on aesthetics that project their heritage and the homeowner may want that projected in his home. The family or client may want his home to project specific symbolisms or values. The client may want to project power, wealth, taste, values, culture, and the like. The client may be catholic-religious and may want his home to project his faith: he or she may want to adorn his house with the statues of saints or the Roman Catholic version of the cross. He or she may be a Muslim and may want to reflect his or her faith in the home in a manner that consistent with the faith of Islam. A home is designed to meet the needs of the owner. Will the homeowner be needing a prayer room? A computer room? A lib rary? Will he or she want a social room? How large will the social room be? How many people should it accommodate when space and budget are not constraints? Is there anything in the homeowner’s heritage that suggest how large the social room should be? How many bedrooms? Of course, an architect may directly ask the prospective homeowner for design information. However, what if so many houses will have to be constructed and rows of houses will have to be designed in advance or before they are sold? Further, how could architects design the homes even before the architects meet the potential homeowners? This is the case for many subdivisions wherein houses are designed without the benefit of information on specifications from buyers. On the matter of anticipating the house buyers’ preferences for houses and architectural design, an architect’s knowledge of research is useful as the basis for architectural design. II. Qualitative Research Although, thousands of book s have emerged on qualitative research, the literature usually on describe but not explicit define qualitative research. For instance, Bergman (2008, p. 12) described qualitative research to have the following characteristics and/or assumptions/perspectives: 1. How man would perceive reality or fact is a construction, especially a social construction, and a multiple reality exists. In other words, men would describe the same reality in different ways because each of them would have a specific perspective on reality.

History assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History assignment - Essay Example Both the terms share the common goal of advocating territorial expansion and link it to superior American traits. ‘Manifest Destiny’ uses the philosophical belief in the divine sanction, the propagation of democratic institutions and economic compulsions to support its stand. It was largely based on feelings of cultural and racial superiority (MacKay). The ‘Frontier Thesis’ holds that the very character of the American people was shaped by Westward expansion. Here again, territorial expansion is linked to superior American traits, such as democracy and individualism (Hietala). These terms are significant in American history because they form the basis of the American policy of expansion: first on the continent and, later for US imperialism across the globe. The annexation of Texas in 1845, the acquisition of Oregon from Britain in 1846, the conquest of California and New Mexico in the American-Mexican War of 1846, and the appropriation of land from the Native Americans were all partly justified on the principle of ‘Manifest Destiny’ and approval of the ‘Frontier

International Students Essay Example for Free

International Students Essay Attention getter- â€Å"Did you have a lion in your backyard when you were growing up?† â€Å"Did you have to hunt for your food?† Reveal Topic- These were the questions asked by my classmates when I first moved to the United States. Often times, international students are asked bizarre questions about their culture. Frequently, international students are asked what their names mean and although most may know, some don’t have the slightest idea. My name, Taiwo, means first of the twins to be born and the first to taste the world. From the audience survey I received back, only 2 out of 16 people that took the survey knew the meaning of their name. Most questions asked of international students can be humorous but some are very offensive. Credibility Statement- I moved to the United States when I was 12 years old, and my biggest problem was readjusting to the weather, which by the way I’m still not adjusted to. In Nigeria, my home country, there are only two seasons which are the wet and the dry season. Although I am not an international student, I can relate because I had to go through so many changes and at one point it was unbearable. Each year, Johnson County Community College is home to international students from more than one hundred countries with their own cultures, skills, and struggles. Preview of main points- Today, I am going to inform you about international students struggle with challenges like cultural and social adjustment. Connective- First, I would like to explain I. International student’s struggles with cultural adjustments. A. According to Gregory Trivonovitch, there are four transitional stages: a honeymoon, hostility, integration/acceptance, and finally, the home stage. 1. The honeymoon stage is described as the stage full of joy and excitement because most international students that are just arriving are captivated with everything new. They  a excited to start studying at a United States university. The second stage is hostility that â€Å"is characterized by frustration, anger, anxiety, judgementalism, fear, and sometimes depression† (Claremont). The third stage  is integration and acceptance, meaning when international students start to feel comfortable and relaxed in their new environment. At this stage they can join different clubs like the international club. The international club at Johnson County Community college â€Å"brings together students from America and around the globe for educational and social activities† (Johnson County Newspaper). The last stage is the home stage. This final stage is the â€Å"feel at home† stage that allows the students to absorb both their culture and the American culture. 2. Students go through these stages because they feel that they have lost but at the same time gained their identity. B. The anxiety and stress of being separated from their families, relatives, and their friends in their native countries can be overwhelming for them. 1. Leaving a culture and surroundings that one is very familiar with while transitioning to a new one can be difficult. 2. For instance, my friend john, an international student, said he asked one of his friend to â€Å"hook up†, meaning he wanted to hang out, but his friend taught he meant to â€Å"hook up† â€Å"hook up† as in sexually. John also mention how difficult it was for him to adjust to this new lifestyle and is still learning how to. Connective- Now that I have informed you about international students struggle with cultural adjustment and along with it explaining the four stages of cultural shock, II. I am going to explain international students’ struggles with social adjustment. A. International students usually stay in the United States for a short period of time or depending on how long they study for. They face sets of challenges such as interacting with others and making new friends. B. â€Å"International students may also experience a loss of social status and self-respect because their social standing in their home country may not be recognized in the U.S.† (Eunyoung). 1. Even though their suffering might be too much there are ways to manage. As mentioned earlier, the Johnson County Community College International club is a great way to network. a. The club â€Å"is an organization that works to increase international understanding and friendship† (JCCC brochure). b. This club as many goals in mind like â€Å"support for new students, social activities that increase awareness about American culture, fundraising activities to support scholarships for international students† and more (JCCC brochure). 2. Fear of belonging and coping with it. Conclusion- In closing we have learned the struggle international students face with challenges like cultural and social adjustment challenges. International students badly need to be given full initial and ongoing explanations of what is expected of them, how the system works, and where to get help. Being in a country you’re not familiar helps you learn. If you go to a foreign country you are not familiar with, these tips will be very useful in adjusting without any complications. Bibliography Stages of Cultural Adjustment. CGU Writing Center. Claremont Graduate University, n.d. Web. http://www.cgu.edu/pages/945.asp. Hurtado, David. Students Clubs Aim to Increase Involvement. The Campus Ledger 21 Sept. 2012: 6. Print. Johnson County Community College International Club. Johnson County: n.p., 2012. Print. Eunyoung, Kim. An Alternative Theoretical Model: Examining Psychosocial Identity Development of International Students in the United States. Rep. Project Innovation (Alabama), n.d. Web.

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents Introduction It has been long believed that bulling is a part of growing up and since they are only children, they do not know that they are possibly causing harm. This is not the case, bullies act with the sole intent to inflict mental and or physical harm to their chosen victim for their own personal gratification. Bulling and Cyber Bulling are becoming major issues in our society and the problem is ever increasing. Since rapid advancement of personal communication devices especially smart phone and applications that use social media, it has become simpler for bullies at access their victims twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This occurs covertly, no one is the wiser unless the intended victim speaks up, this rarely occurs. How do we are educators help address the issue of bulling, harassment and cyber bulling, so it does not have a negative effect on the students academic and social achievements. How do we as a society, stop this culture of abuse that is affecting a generation of teen agers. It is the duty of educators to support students who are being targeted and to help them to discover the tools on how to survive, this dark side of growing up in todays society The Digital Society In society, technology is paving the way we communicate with the world around us. The number of people joining and participating in social media is growing on a daily basis. We have adopted this technology into ever facete of our lives, from work, to school, to the home. Adolescents today are growing up in this ever-changing digital world, but are we as their guides, giving them the tools to survive in it. According to Federal Justice Department in the United States of America each month one out of four children will be targeted for abuse by their peers, either in the playground or via Personal communication devices. What is bulling, how can we recognise it? Types of Bulling The definition of bulling can be quite broad, the NSW education department as the repeated physical, social, verbal, and psychological abuse defines it. It involves the constant abuse of power by a group or an individual by one or more people. Physical Bulling includes hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching, pushing, anything that affects the victims body, this does include sexual abuse or the destruction of a persons property. Verbal Bulling is name-calling, insults, teasing, and intimidation, homophobic, sexist, and racist remarks. Other styles of bulling is covert bulling, it is harder to recognise and can be carried out behind the victims back. It is intended to destroy someones social standing or to cause humiliation. It includes lying about the person, spreading rumours, negative facial or physical gestures, menacing or contemptuous looks, playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking, encouraging other to socially other to socially exclude someone. Cyber Bulling is a perfect example of covert bullying tactics. This type of bulling takes it to a completely new level of cruelty by using digital technologies. By using mobile phones to harass their victim, setting up defamatory websites or facebook pages, spreading rumours via social media sites such as facebook, myspace, instagram, snapchat. Previous generations of teenagers who have been the victims of bulling were able to seek refuge from the daily torture at home, now thank to mobile phones and social media the bullies have destroyed this refuge and get access to their victim anytime they want. Bulling can be a public incident or private, and in some cases only known to the parties involved. So if it is only known to the people involved, how do educators combat it? Glamorization Bullying in schools is an often-glamorized in Hollywood movies depicted in high school teen comedies, for example Mean Girls, a movie about social acceptance, isolation and gaining a self worth from the pain of others. What they do not show are the effects of bullying on their intended victim. Bulling is not a mutual disagreement or an isolated incident of social rejection or nastiness. It is not a random act of aggression or intimidation. The oxford dictionary definition of harassment is the unwanted or warranted conduct on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation, which has the purpose or effect of either violating the claimants dignity, of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. This is when it can get confusion as all bulling is harassment, but not all harassment is bulling. So how do adolescents tell the difference? Target Acquired The bullies target students who are not part of an established social group at school, such as new students or those who suffer from health or learning disabilities as well as students who have trouble fitting in socially, as well as jealously. For bulling to occur there needs to be a power difference between the two parties; unfair fights where the person who bullies has an advantage or power over the person who is being victimized. Bullying is not the same as a disagreement, it is about the abuse of power. The effects of bulling can be short term and long term effects for the victims. Although severe long term effects can be avoided by someone intervening as soon as possible. The intervening party does not have to be a parent, teacher or adult in a position of authority, it is more effective in eradication of bulling, if one of the victims classmates steps in to stop it. Why did we as a society, think that this behaviour was harmless? Long and Short Term Effects The effects of bulling can be quite broad, they can range from falling grades, depression, anxiety; an increased sense of loneliness, sadness, isolation, there can be changes in sleep and eating patterns. Activities that the victim once enjoyed, suddenly they do not what to be involved. Sadly, these issues do not rectify themselves and can continue into the adolescents, life after school. The long term effects can include a higher risk of depression and issues with a low self-esteem later in life, there is links that teenagers that bullied in their teens are more likely to have problems with drugs, alcohol and promiscuity. In some extreme cases, bullied teenagers have attempted and succeeded in ending their lives, to end their suffering. As this issue continues to grow, schools have been trying to implement a Zero tolerance policy on all types of bulling. School needs to be a safe place for all students, as a safe place gives students the ability and the confidence to learn. Bulling and cyber bulling can turn the classroom environment from a place of knowledge to a living nightmare, which students end up dreading. Bulling is the cause of up to 15% of all school absenteeism. It does not only affect a victims attendance, but it can also affect their ability to focus and participate in the classroom. There is also a high probability of the victim dropping out of school, so they do not need to confront their bully any longer. The victims ability to focus is continually compromised; they worry about what the bully will do next, where the bully will be during the lunch break. The Digital World The internet and social media use have grown in the past ten years. Adolescents have access to the internet and personal communication devices in their bedrooms away from parental supervision. In previous years, the only way adolescents had to communicate with the outside world from their home was the telephone in a communal area and a desktop computer again in a communal area. Parents were able to monitor everything that was being said or sent to their teenager. Social networking websites have become increasingly popular among teenagers, as a place where they can meet friends and new people, communicate and exchange information. The type of relationships for teenagers have evolved to a level that has never been experienced on this scale. Social media is the main contributor of this change. Adolescents have the facilities to communicate with people, young and old from all over the globe. For the first time in our history, geographical barriers are no longer a issue for communication. No longer waiting on the postman for letters, worried about different time zones to make a phone call, adolescents have instant results with the use of social media. There has been a positive outcome due to Social media; teenagers who are active on social media sites are more social and well adjusted than their not connected peers. This technology are tools for todays adolescents, it develops social bonds, their identities, and an ability to communicate with others including teachers, classmates, absent parents. â€Å"Teens who spend their time on social networking sites are actually the healthiest psychologically according to new accumulating evidence from a report from Psychological Science. (N. Murashev, May 2011) Even so, the destruction these devices are used for, negates any positive attributes. Social Networking Social networking has created new ways to communicate, share information and meet new people. Even with all the positive possibilities associated with social networking. Like with everything, there are risks that are associated with the use or misuse of this technology. It stay safe online teenagers need to know the risks and how to protect themselves online, from bullies and predators. People are able to be anonymous, anominity gives people a sense of freedom, they can be whoever they want to be, freedom to say and do without any consequences. Bullies are able to use the personal information posted online to gain an insight in how to torture them. Cyber Bulling is a methodical, planned method of violence and torture, affect teenagers. As mentioned earlier, it has the potential to lead to anxiety, depression, self harm, and even suicide. The Cyber Bullies use social media, text messages and email to harass their victim. The bullies tactics are to send mean messages, start disparaging rumours, posting hurtful comments and unflattering pictures, altering images to depict the victim, these can be through social media sites, emails and text messages, these can be done by direct contact or public comments or private messages to others about the victim. According to Cyber bulling statistics: Over half of adolescents and teenagers have been subjected to online bullying, the same amounts of adolescents have engaged in cyber bulling. More than half of young people do not tell their parents or teacher that they have experienced cyber bulling. The best way to stop cyber bulling is to educate adolescents about the consequences of cyber bulling and what they need to do to stop it occurring if they are ever bullied. Bullies like to act covertly, it is where they gain their power, by opening up communication channels, and bullies can no longer hide in the shadows of the online world or the playgrounds. Unfortunately, most adolescents do not feel comfortable talking to parents and teachers about their experiences of being bullied. However, why does it stop, victims of bullying telling their true friends. Why are their friends staying silent as well? We drill into young children when in early primary school, not to tattle tale. Have we made a rod for our own backs, by teaching this? We should be drilling into them, which if someone is hurting you or your friends tell your teacher, tell the world. If you bring light onto the subject, bullies can no longer hide in the shadows or behind a computer screen. Consequences or lack of Bulling is going to be a continuing issue within the education system. The law cannot keep up with this every changing cyber world. Even though it is starting to catch up to the technology, there are now serious consequences if caught cyber bullying. Depending on what was done during the bulling, consequences can range from punishments at the school level to criminal charges. It is the repetitive nature of bulling that is the cause of the anxiety to the victims, the anticipation of bulling becomes as problematic as the actual bulling. The consequences of bulling were once name calling and possible push and shove in the playground. In recent years, the consequences of schoolyard bulling have taken a more serious turn; more and more frequently, bullied students are turning to violence. Bullies adolescents feeling that there is no other option, retaliate in a deadly manner, attacking their persecutors and any other students and teachers. These tragedies have caused more awareness and fe ar among, parents, other Adolescents, educators, as well as the Police Force about the effects of bulling. The response of the education system and law enforcement has not been fast or strong enough for the families of bullying victims who had felt they had no other choice, than to end their lives to end the torture. Conclusion There is no quick fix, to this epidemic, if at all. Educators and parents can only protect the victims, if they speak up. There is no way to eradicate bullying from our society; it is engrained within Australian society. However, as educators we can try to bring it out from the shadows. Name and shame bullies, have it part of their permanent record, most bullies will continue the behaviour into adulthood, especially if they got away with in as a teenager. Bulling is no longer contained to the schoolyard, bus, or train, it enters our homes, and it destroys lives, families, futures, and communities. Victims feel isolated, unsupported; it is one the main reason why dropout rates are high. Bulling is causing a generation of young people to have low self-esteem, depression issues not only while the abuse is occurring but into their adult life. Teenagers who are bullied are more likely to develop future academic problems and psychological difficulties. School should offer support groups fo r the ones being bullied on and the ones doing the bullying. There should be harsher penalties, as these adolescents know what they are doing and know that their choice to bully with hurt someone. No one should have to feel like the only way to deal with a situation is to harm themselves of others. Bulling is doing them more harm than good. They need to know that there are different ways to handle a situation like talking about it with friends, families, and teachers. We must step up and help others know how to deal with this issue. There is no reason to let anyone friend or stranger get picked on. We need to provide an inclusive environment for adolescents to stand up and prevent bullying in their micro chasm of a community. It will spread to the wider community. Lets turn on a light. References Attorney General Martha Coakley, http://.mas.gov Eagle Triune, (16 January, 2011) http:// www.eagletribune.com Ralph, L, Berglas, N, Schwarts, S.., and Brinidis, C (2011) Finding Teens in TheirSpace: Social Networking Sites to Connect youth to Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(1). 38-49 From Research library Molly O’Toole (2011 September 2) Social Media use linked to smoking, alcohol. Times Colonist, p.6. Retrieved from Canadian Newsstand. Natasha Murashev, Social Times, (May 2010) http://www.socialtimes.com Science Daily (February 10, 2010) http://www.sciencedaily.com Bullying Statistics, http://www.bullingstatics.org Family Safety, http://www.microsoft.com http://ncab.org.au/fourkindsofbullying/ 24/8/12 http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html#suicide 24/8/12 http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00117/bullyingconsequences.html 24/8/12 http://www.cyberbullying.info/ http://au.reachout.com/Factsheets/C/Cyberbullying http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Kids/Tips to stay safe and cybersmart/Cyberbullying.aspx http://www.bullyingnoway.gov.au/ http://www.bullying.com.au/ http://www.youthbeyondblue.com/factsheets-and-info/fact-sheet-20-bullying/ http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/201103/201103carrgregg.pdf

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature

Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th :: English Literature Reacting against Victorian optimism and to the horrors of the 20th Century, William Golding chose to express his anti-Utopian views about humanity in Lord of the Flies (1954). Explore how Golding crafts his narrative in order to voice his philosophical views about man's essential illness. To what extent do you agree with his views? Golding's dystopian views of 'man's essential illness' are derived from his experience of 20th Century warfare. 'Lord of the Flies' is a fable in which Golding displays man's flaws inside a microcosm. This didactical work shows us that we have far to go, but there is hope. I will study his novel to discover his views, and will decide if I concur with them. Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911, and brought up in Wiltshire. His father was a teacher and a socialist and his mother actively supported the campaign for votes for women, so from an early age he was aware of social and political systems and their influence on people. During the Second World War, Golding joined the Royal Navy and took part in the sinking of the Bismarck and the Normandy landings on D-Day. His experience of the war had a profound effect on his view of the world. He learnt how brutal people can be. Although he was appalled by the evils of Nazism and the Third Reich, he said in an interview in 1963 that everyone was capable of inhumanity, not just the German or the Japanese. He saw Nazism as an evil system, and so horrifying that it could not be explained through reason alone. Later on he looked for an explanation in the nature of human beings, in their capacity for brutality and inhumanity. He read adventure stories such as 'The Coral Island', (1858), to his children, and wondered what would really happen to children stranded on a desert island. He took the idea of an innocent experience on an island and saw it in relation to the experience of Nazism and World War Two. In 'Lord of the Flies' Golding refers twice to R.M Ballantyne's 'The Coral Island'. The writer deliberately wrote 'The Lord of the Flies' in direct contest with the 'The Coral Island'. This is known because of an unpublished letter Golding wrote to his wife: 'Wouldn't it be a good idea to write a book about real boys on an island, showing what a mess they'd make?' Golding then went ahead and wrote the book to turn Ballantyne's simplistic assumptions and optimistic hopes on its head. Golding is even bold enough to use identical names as Ballantyne's for his main characters: Jack and Ralph in both books are protagonists, and are

Intrinsic Motivation Essay -- essays papers

Intrinsic Motivation Sometimes a student can be fascinated in a subject and are eager to learn more without outside influence or help. This kind of a situation is when there exists a large amount of intrinsic incentive to motivate a child. It is when a student enjoys an aspect of an activity enough to be motivated within. An intrinsic incentive could arise in any subject of interest such as dinosaurs, famous people, or far off places. However, topics that are learned in schools today do not arouse children since they find the information useless in their everyday lives (Slavin, 2000). The role of personal interest is crucial in a learning situation. It has been proven that a child who is intrinsically motivated tend to make use of strategies that require a larger amount of effort and that allow them to develop more intensely. They prefer tasks of higher levels than an extrinsically motivated child (Lumsden, 1994). Internal motivation is longer lasting that external motivation. When students achie ve a feeling of satisfaction, learning occurs more successfully (HCC Intranet, 2001). In order to ensure students are intrinsically motivated, teachers must use certain strategies to encourage this type of learning. Praise One of the ways to engage children in intrinsic motivation is by praising the students for the efforts they make in the classroom and encouraging more positive learning. It is important to praise a child for small improvements along with large improvements. Some educators with high expectations forget to commend their students along the way as they progressively achieve the desired goal (Palardy, 1997). Praise does not necessarily mean tangible rewards. It is more of a pat on the back, a positive ... ... learn. ERIC Digest, 92. Retrieved November 5, 2001 from http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/Student_Motivation.htm. -The article talks about what influences student motivation and the advantages of it. It offers intrinsic ideas to help develop student motivation. Also explains why children are unmotivated. Cooper, H. (2001, April). Homework for all-in moderation. Educational Leadershiip, 58,pp. 34-38. -Explains the advantages and disadvantages of homework, and if it works. This relates to motivation. Teachers use homework at times to motivate their students. Palardy, J. (1997, March). 15 strategies for motivating students. NAESP. Retrieved November 2, 2001 from http://www.naesp.org/comm/p0397b.htm. -Lists fifteen strageties to use in a classroom to help motivate children. After each suggestion, a detailed description is given.