Dr. Jose Rizal Essay

Topic (textbook pages, lesson number, unit). Time allotment. | Materials Needed| * Do not include standard classroom equipment (e. g. , chalkboard). * Include things such as books, colored pencils, PowerPoint presentation, handouts, etc. | Objectives| * District, state, and national standards (whatever is applicable at the school). * Long-term objectives (describe the lesson as part of a larger idea, such as a one-day lesson on Louis XIV that contributes to understanding the chapter concept on the growth of absolute monarchy). Short-term (lesson) objectives: Measurable and specific, phrased in terms of â€Å"the student will†¦ â€Å"| Procedures| * Introduction: Start with a hook (an attention-getter) to introduce the lesson. This should be understandable and relatable, and should activate prior knowledge. * Instruction: How will the goals of the lesson be reached? What will the students do to reach the objectives? Will the students complete a learning task in teams? Will the students take notes from a lecture? Closing: Students demonstrate that they followed the instructions. This includes anything from sharing teamwork results, to review questions over a lecture or PowerPoint. | Independent Work| * This includes follow-up work done in class or as homework. * Any work assigned should be an extension of the in-class lesson. Ideally, it simultaneously reinforces the lesson, builds upon it, and creates background knowledge for the next lesson. | Assessment| * Determine whether or not the goals of the lesson have been reached. Types of assessment may vary. * Formal assessments include quizzes, tests, work (such as essays) evaluated according to a rubric, etc. * Informal assessments include looking over students’ completed assignments, question-and-answer sessions, etc. | Reflection| * This is done after the lesson as a self-reflection exercise. * What parts of this lesson worked well? How might these parts be made even better? * What parts of this lesson did not work? Why? Should these parts be altered, changed, or scrapped?

Sap Swot

Use Porter’s â€Å"5 forces† model to analyze the attractiveness of the standardized business software industry and SAP’s strengths and weaknesses. ?Threats from competitors: differentiation protects a company from competitors when customers develop brand loyalty for its products. It is very costly and time consuming for a company to implement a new ERP system. One of the examples given by the case was Chevron, which spent over $100 million and 2 years installing and getting its R/3 system operating effectively. Therefore, once customer implements SAP software for the company, it rarely changes to another competitors’ product. Power suppliers: powerful suppliers become less of a problem because the differentiated company’s strategy is directed toward the premium price it can charge and it can often pay along price increases to loyal customers. For a software company like SAP, there aren’t many suppliers except database and consultants. SAP ma de the wrong decision of outsourcing both at the early stage of its business. As a result, they lost first-hand knowledge of its customers’ emerging problems and an understanding of the changing needs of its customers.In the 1980s, SAP did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s database management software. This had repercussions later when Oracle began to catch up technically and develop its own ERP software platform in the 2000s. ?Power buyers: differentiators are unlikely to experience problems with powerful buyers because they offer a distinctive product that commends brand loyalty. SAP focused on the largest multinational companies with revenues of at least $2. 5 billion because these companies would reap the biggest cost savings there.These companies are willing to pay the premium price as they believe the saving in time and costs outweigh the cost of implementing SAP ERP system. ?Substitut e products: substitute products are only a threat if a competitor can develop a product that satisfies a customer need similar to the need met by the differentiator’s product. In this case, SAP had faced this challenge in the 1990s when its competitors, such as Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Marcum were catching up technically and focused their resources on the needs of one or a few industries, or a particular kind of ERP module. New entrants: a new company must find way to make its product distinctive enough to be able to compete, which involves an expensive investment in building some type of distinctive competence. Although only a few global organizations have the resources to compete with SAP, the new entrants threats are still very high in the software industry as technology development and innovation by others could make SAP become obsolete one day. Sap Swot Use Porter’s â€Å"5 forces† model to analyze the attractiveness of the standardized business software industry and SAP’s strengths and weaknesses. ?Threats from competitors: differentiation protects a company from competitors when customers develop brand loyalty for its products. It is very costly and time consuming for a company to implement a new ERP system. One of the examples given by the case was Chevron, which spent over $100 million and 2 years installing and getting its R/3 system operating effectively. Therefore, once customer implements SAP software for the company, it rarely changes to another competitors’ product. Power suppliers: powerful suppliers become less of a problem because the differentiated company’s strategy is directed toward the premium price it can charge and it can often pay along price increases to loyal customers. For a software company like SAP, there aren’t many suppliers except database and consultants. SAP ma de the wrong decision of outsourcing both at the early stage of its business. As a result, they lost first-hand knowledge of its customers’ emerging problems and an understanding of the changing needs of its customers.In the 1980s, SAP did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s database management software. This had repercussions later when Oracle began to catch up technically and develop its own ERP software platform in the 2000s. ?Power buyers: differentiators are unlikely to experience problems with powerful buyers because they offer a distinctive product that commends brand loyalty. SAP focused on the largest multinational companies with revenues of at least $2. 5 billion because these companies would reap the biggest cost savings there.These companies are willing to pay the premium price as they believe the saving in time and costs outweigh the cost of implementing SAP ERP system. ?Substitut e products: substitute products are only a threat if a competitor can develop a product that satisfies a customer need similar to the need met by the differentiator’s product. In this case, SAP had faced this challenge in the 1990s when its competitors, such as Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Marcum were catching up technically and focused their resources on the needs of one or a few industries, or a particular kind of ERP module. New entrants: a new company must find way to make its product distinctive enough to be able to compete, which involves an expensive investment in building some type of distinctive competence. Although only a few global organizations have the resources to compete with SAP, the new entrants threats are still very high in the software industry as technology development and innovation by others could make SAP become obsolete one day.

IDENTIFY the challenges faced by HRD professionals in meeting the Essay

IDENTIFY the challenges faced by HRD professionals in meeting the needs of an intergenerational workforce (read full quesation attch on folder) - Essay Example acing the field of HDR include stiff competition in the global market, increased workforce diversity, the need to eliminate the skill gap associated with globalization, ethical issues and intergenerational issues in the workplace (Werner & DeSimone 2011). Intergenerational issues are perhaps some of the greatest challenges experienced by HRD professionals as organizations compete to recruit young innovative brains from the global job market. As business organizations increasingly compete in the global economy, many are introducing new technologies that require significant training and development of workers. Technological revolution has had significant implications on the attempts by HRD professionals to manage intergenerational needs in organizations. In order to emerge successful in the increasingly sophisticated market, companies have been compelled to hire highly qualified employees as well as providing knowledge and additional skills to match the changing market demands (McDonald 2008). Workforce diversity challenges require organizations to go beyond skill improvement to empowerment of employees to accommodate intergenerational differences in the workforce. HRD professionals in companies operating in developing countries from the developed countries face the challenge of dealing with skill gap associated with such nations. Workforce diversity has had significant implications for the HRD professionals including the need to address racial, ethnic, as well as cultural insensitivity and language differences (Reid, Barrington & Brown 2004). Buttressing the primary purpose of this study is the imminent workforce heterogeneity challenges facing HRD professionals amidst the increasing changes in the global environment. This essay entails identification of the various workforce intergenerational challenges facing HRD professional in different organizations. Age diversity in the workplace poses one of the greatest intergenerational challenges facing HRD

Open Adoption Records Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open Adoption Records - Coursework Example Key words: information, agreement, consent. Should All Adoption Document Opened To Adopted Child Above 18? Every person above 18 years has a right to have access to information. However, this right should be restricted on special cases. It may require one to restrict information to an individual for the good of the person and those related to the person. Under section 3 of data protection act, one has a right to obtain a copy of any information withheld from him, by an organization. But provisions have been provided under section 5 of data protection act where the information to be provided may negatively affect the code of conduct and interest of an organization (Data protection commissioner, n.d). In this regard, this paper opposes the opening of all adoption records to adopted individual even though the individual may be above 18 years. The assertion is in regard to the following fact; the uncertainty of physiological effects that may be caused due to such revelations. A good exam ple is the case where the biological parents choose to maintain anonymous identification. It would be of great importance to maintain the privacy of the parents. Otherwise not doing so, will not only hurt the credibility of the organization concerned and the biological parents’ right of privacy, but also may infringe negatively into the adopted parents’ relationship with the adopted child. The signed documents between the parents and the organization should be respected and their privacy maintained, and only opened to a third party under their consent, and if a situation forces (Adoption resources, 2013). Otherwise this may harm the firm’s credibility and the biological parents’ feelings, thus causing a negative impact. The second reason for my proposition is due to the fact that such revelations may cause a rift between the adopted parents and the child. This may be due to the fact that the child may have a conflict of interest between the biological and the adopted parents. In one way or the other, one party may have to suffer some kind of damages due to this revelation. It is better to avoid this entire situation by withholding such information so as not to hurt the young person’s emotions. It may be argued that such revelations are important to the health and medical conditions of the adopted kid, because some medical conditions are directly related to the biological family’s medical history. I agree that these conditions would easily be monitored if the biological family’s medical history was revealed to the adopted child. This fact, however, should not be the core reason for opening of all the adoption records to the adopted child. Such critical information should be given to the adopting parents who should reveal the history to the doctors without revealing the adopting documents to the child. Even in such circumstances, only safe information should be released. Individuals aged above 18 years have the ri ght to get access their records (Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration, 2006). However, if such information would have a negative impact on the person’s wellbeing as well as people around (i.e. would cause physiological problems and unwarranted anger), it would be better such individual is kept in the â€Å"dark† in regard to such scenarios. Despite the individual’s emotional maturity, such information may break the strength,

5)'There is very little justice in the Criminal Justice System.' Essay

5)'There is very little justice in the Criminal Justice System.' Discuss - Essay Example The principle of criminal law is to offer the particular definition of what makes up a crime and to stipulate punishments for committing such a crime (Harr et al, 2012:15). No criminal law can be legitimate unless it includes both of these factors. The focus of criminal justice is, mainly concerned with the enforcement of criminal law. The National Archives, UK, deem that the chief objectives of the Criminal Justice System are to deliver justice for the inhabitants. This is done by the punishing and convicting the guilty, while aiding them to stop offending, at the same time protecting the innocent. The CJS in the UK is liable crime prevention and maintenance of justice, as well as other court duties including the collection of fines. The main functions of Criminal Justice Systems are the same all over the world, and their procedure for delivering justice are somewhat the same (The national archives 2010). On a global platform, we have the International Criminal Justice that specializes in International criminal law, which deals with individuals who are held responsible for crimes such as aggression, genocide, slavery, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and torture. Subsequent to World Wars one and two, the notion of an individual being held criminally accountable in an international field came into focus, predo minantly after the tribunals in Nuremberg that revealed Nazi leadership. Nowadays, many individuals who commit international crimes are prosecuted in international tribunals and mostly in the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Rome Statute created the ICC, which started operations on the 1st of July 2002. The ICC is governed by international laws, to provide justice for international crimes like genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression (Bekou & Cryer, 2004:26). It was projected to complement existing national judicial systems, and it can only

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example Other areas of specialization in which the company invests in are beverages, which are used worldwide. Besides the operations of the company within the UK market, the company has major markets within the US, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain as well as in France. GlaxoSmithKline Plc as a trading company has a statement of mission, which is ‘provision and development of immunotherapeutic, as well as vaccines that are necessary for improvement of human health globally’. The company has made strategic milestones in the field over years and is credited for having great and contributions towards the global health as it is today. The company’s profile reveals that the formation of the company as it is today has involved merger efforts with many companies and thus would have a history from the early years of 20th century. The existence of the corporate identity of GlaxoSmithKline plc is not that old s it dates from the time of merger of SmithKline Beecham and Glaxo Wellcome in December 1999 (Addison & Lawson, 2012). GSK has special attention on such fundamental areas as realizing sustainable growth, improving long-term financial performances as well as reducing risks. It realizes these goals through embracing diversification, developing and delivering high-value products as well as adoption of simplified business models. The recent developments have seen the company adopt generic branded manufacturing to add to the previously existing patented strategies in order to command higher influence and relevance in the modern day market. Addison and Lawson through a recent discourse analysis study concerning the strategic development move of generic branding found out that this was necessary and very effective in lowering the associated performance risks as well as in increasing the range of products being traded on. The shift in production models into the incorporation of generic manufacturing has greatly revolutionized the industry through lowering

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue Essay

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue - Essay Example It has been found that up to 25% of breast cancer patients will have an amplification of the HER2/neu gene or an increase in HER2 production (Songdong et al, 2006). Additionally, any patient with amplification of this gene will generally have an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and a more aggressive form of cancer (Meng et al, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to discuss further the significance of HER2 receptor expression in breast cancers, and describe the laboratory methods of detecting this protein in detail. This will give an overview of the complications of overexpression of HER2 and allow the reader an insight into how important the HER2 protein and the HER2/neu gene are in breast cancers and how the detection of these can allow for insight into breast cancer and can lead to a reduction in the number of fatalities from breast cancer. Significance of HER2 in Breast Cancers The significance of the HER2 protein in breast cancers has been widely discussed in the literat ure. As previously mentioned, 'Overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator system or HER-2 (erbB-2) in breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis' (Songdong et al, 2006, p17361). ... ding two cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, consisting of a juxtamembrane region, a tyrosine kinase domain, and a carboxyl tail harboring autophosphorylation sites' (Brennan, 2002, p328). It is the binding of certain cognate cofactors to this trans-membrane receptor that regulates cell growth and differentiation, which occurs through the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (Brennan, 2002). This is a type of signal transduction pathway, which in the case of HER2 involves ogliomerization (Meng et al, 2004) and dimerization (Brennan, 2002). On a study of rats by Bargmann et al (1986), it was found that the neu gene (which is classed as protooncogene) is converted to the aggressive oncogene associated with overproduction of HER2 by a single point mutation at position 664 of the protein sequence. This mutation is from a valine to the negatively-charged glutamate, and is associated with an increase of the liklihood that the receptor will form ag gregates. Unfortunately, the mutation at position 664 is not found in humans, but this has given clues as to the mechanism of the HER2 protein in causing the more aggressive forms of breast cancers. `Figure 1 shows the pathway that HER2 plays a role in within the confines of breast cancer. Figure 1 – Cross-talk between signal transduction pathways and ER signaling in endocrine resistant breast cancer, with opportunities for targeted intervention (Ellis & Ma, 2007, p107) An insight into these pathways allows for recognition of interventions that can be used to negate the effects of the increased production of HER2. From figure 1, it is evident that HER2 is surface-membrane protein with a critical role in the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway. The MAPK/ERK pathway passes a signal from

Sales and marketing PROJECT 213 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales and marketing PROJECT 213 - Research Paper Example ilities around the area like dawn beach, on the beach, Saint Maarten Zoo, Museum of Saint Maarten, Guana Bay Beach and the University of Saint Marten. The property is well situated, and it provides a good place to spend holidays and honeymoon in St. Maarten. People visiting the hotel have fun at the white sand beaches and the blue-green waters (Westin Hotel and Resorts, 2015). The property is located alongside other properties that offer recreation and education services. Some people visiting recreation centres in the area end up spending their nights at the hotel. Dawn beach is adjacent to the hotel about 0.4 km away. The beach is usually busy with people from the area and others from other places of the world. Dawn beach is advantageous because most of the people visiting the beach end up spending at the hotels rooms. On the other hand, people who visit Dawn Beach pollute the environment making most of the people not willing to spend in the hotel. Another property in the areas is Guana Bay Beach, that has the same value with the Dawn Beach. The Museum of Saint Maarten is another property that is important to the hotel. People visiting the museum include students, families, couples and business people. Most of the people visiting the museum spend time at the hotel, eating, drinking and spending at the hotel rooms. The University of St. Maarten has increa sed the population of the area providing more customers to the hotel. The university is located 4.9 km from the hotel. Most of the students at the university come from different countries and spend their free time at the beaches. Students from the University visit the hotel for drinks and launch. The lecturers and staff also use the hotel for the conference and special meeting. The university visitors spend their nights at the hotel (Westin Hotel and Resorts, 2015). In Saint Maarten, there are many hotels that compete direct with the Westin Dawn Beach Resort. The managers and the directors value and rate the

Modular Approach to Building your ISE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modular Approach to Building your ISE - Essay Example A piping designer is capable of using ShipConstructor on top of an instance of AutoCAD P&ID and hence both toolsets are available in the ShipConstructor environment. Similarly, the AutoCAD software is also beneficial for a structural designer as he can take advantages of AutoCAD Mechanical while working with ShipConstructor. In other words, the ShipConstructor software bears the benefits of the AutoCAD system as it is installed on top of the AutoCAD software. This modular approach to building an Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) would bear notable benefits as modern shipyards widely practice this technique. Since the ShipConstructor software uses a specific geometry model, it is easy to integrate different concepts. Accuracy is another potential benefit of using the ShipConstructor software. By using this system, designer can shape a shipyard to a given scale in accordance with specific requirements. The most fascinating feature of this system is that it is cost effective as the newly designed products can be easily integrated into the existing design of the shipyard.

Prosperity of Australia Essay Example for Free

Prosperity of Australia Essay Presently there are about 3. 6 million people who are living on less than $A400 per week. Around two million Australians are living in poor conditions with only one earning person in a single family. Nearly 700,000 children growing in families where none of both the parents have a full time job. Among the poorest only 20 per cent of population hold government service. The Democrats are debating on the issue of poverty in Australia, with a concrete fact that over the past decades there has been a continuous economic growth in Australia despite of which the poor were worst effected and the prosperity of Australia has not reached the poor. This has been further supported by Government by reducing the incomes of many single parents and of disabled people, which has contributed to the growth of higher poverty. Living in poverty is a struggle and affects families in physical and mental health. It can even be stated here that ‘healthy families make a healthy society’ and societies make a state and healthy states make a healthy nation. The importance and significance of healthy families is much larger and plays a pivotal role in making a happier and prosperous nation. There are segregations about class living and style such as ‘middle class’ ‘upper middle class’, ‘luxurious class’ and last, not least ‘poor class’ which receive a minute attention in all aspects of health care, nutrition and in efforting to make both ends meet which is a great responsibility of governments to provide food and shelter as a basic need for living. The pestilence of poverty is tiresome and requires a great amount of effort and hard work from the end of governments to create job opportunities, encouraging new small and big industries, encouraging basic education and providing some discounted facilities for further advancement in education, creating new and innovative career and job opportunities or self-employment schemes by providing small amount of financial loans from banks to make a living for poor. As a matter of fact, how much ever new jobs are created either in government, public or private sector, many people are still left not having a seat for job which means that public bodies cannot create jobs till the number of zero and it is for the unemployed to seek and find an area of source through which income can be generated on one side and on the other side, make a happy family. In this regard, computer technology offers a multiplex opportunities and with basic knowledge of computer, unemployed can offer services of various kinds and can make a living by setting SOHO (Small office Home office) Such as this, there are many other professional methods to reduce poverty line and introduce better standards of living among poor people, viz., computer technical jobs, software jobs, application jobs and other electronic communication jobs and even industrial and public sector labor jobs can be advantageous to create job opportunities wherein with minimum education, jobs can be suitably found which would at least enable most of the family members to stay in jobs and endeavor to grow further for hike in salaries. However, these are not as easy as stated and it requires more efforts, job and employment schemes from Governments in the interest and prestige of nation. Otherwise, this would further deteriorate the standards of living of children, elderly and ageing couple, single parented families, young people and students and migrants. According to the survey conducted in the year 2001, there are 100,000 people who are homeless and looking for home assistance. Poverty rate in cities is 10. 5 per cent and it is 12 per cent in other states and territories. It is also to be noted that 6 out of 10 poor Australians are living in capital cities which concludes a fact that both regional areas along with cities have to be equally assisted in development of strategies to remove poverty. In March 2004, there were stringent efforts by Senate Community Affairs Committee has issued a report on poverty and financial hardship which stated that â€Å"â€Å"These key findings presented below serve to illustrate a compelling case that Australia will face a crisis of poverty and disadvantage in the coming years. They carry with them the implication that Australians are increasingly at risk of falling into poverty and indeed more so now than at anytime during the post-war era. What is most disturbing however is the common theme that while poverty is becoming more entrenched and more intractable, the Commonwealth is increasingly abrogating its responsibility to tackle this great indignity inflicted on the Australian people. † The Senate Committee further recommended 95 strategies to be implemented in Australia. Some of the important recommendations are viz. , development of a strategy for providing national jobs, focusing on school education, work and training and how to advance in education without deviating from work, research on skills, wages, where the shortage exists, the reasons for low-pay jobs, the problem of casual workers and job insecurity, a guaranteed work experience of six months for those who were without employment for a period of two years, provision of employment security and social security to casual workers by strengthening work environments and poverty proof wage system which has an economic measuring scale for adequate and satisfied living.

Bolman And Deals Four Framework Approach

Bolman And Deals Four Framework Approach Leadership was once about hard skills such as planning, finance and business analysis. When command and control ruled the corporate world, the leaders were heroic rationalists who moved people around like pawns and fought like stags. When they spoke, the company employees jumped. The entire career system in some organizations is based on using hard functional skills to progress. But when executives reach the top of the organization, many different skills are required. Corporate leaders may find that although they can do the financial analysis and the strategic planning, they are poor at communicating ideas to employees or colleagues, or have little insight into how to motivate people. The modern CEO requires an array of skills. Some suggest that people expect too much of leaders. Indeed, renaissance men and women are rare. Leadership in a modern organization is highly complex and it is increasingly difficult. It is sometimes impossible for finding all the necessary traits in a single person. Among the most crucial skills is the ability to capture audiences. Richard Branson, the funder of Virgin Group and Virgin Atlantic Airline could be one of best leader in the industry. Biography According to Virgin group website, Richard Branson was born in July 18, 1950 in Surrey, England. He is the son of a lawyer and an airline stewardess. He was educated at the exclusive Stowe School, but did not excel, possibly due to his nearsightedness and dyslexia. In his teens he developed a national magazine, Student at the Age of Sixteen. At seventeen he began a student advisory service. After leaving school, Branson entered the music industry. Considering that he could sell records cheaper than the existing average, he started a mail-order catalogue with friends. It was a success, and they opened a record discount shop. They named the business Virgin, because it was their first venture. Virgin Airlines is one of Bransons main businesses. Formed in 1984, it is part owned by Singapore Airlines, and it is the second largest British long haul international airline, and has won many awards. During the 1990s the fleet and the air route network expanded and a Premium Economy service was introduced. In 2003 Virgin Atlantic launched the innovative Upper Class Suite with a flat bed and seat, and in 2006 the Virgin Clubhouse opened at Heathrow with a spa, brasserie, cocktail bar, hair salon and games room. Branson is also well known for his personal adventures by Virgin Atlantic Flyer. In 2010, and less than 40 years after the original conception of the Branson Virgin businesses, Branson boasted over 200 Virgin Megastores worldwide. All told, Branson employed 24,000 employees in 150 companies, with revenues totaling an estimated five billion dollars each year from the entire Virgin Group including the music stores and airline. The Virgin empire was is the largest privately owned business in England (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Bolman and Deals Four Framework Approach to Richard Branson Leadership models can also help us to understand a leaders organizational influence. Bolman and Deal, in Four Framework Approach, suggest that leaders display behaviors in one of four frameworks: Structural, Human Resource, Political, or Symbolic. Each requires a specific organizational setting to be successful. The Structural Framework From the rational perspective, organizations are instruments designed to achieve specified goals. Organizations are purposeful in the sense that the activities and interactions of participants are centrally coordinated to achieve common objectives; behaviors in organizations are rational in the sense that roles and role relations are prescribed independently of the personal attributes of the individuals in the structure (Richard, 1992). In the rational domain, organizations are driven by strategies, and the role of management is to align strategies and structure with the external environment. Strategy development includes two kinds of approaches mainly. The first one is prescriptive approach which is the firm defined the objective and/or the main elements before brainstorm the strategy; vice versa, another one is have no clear objective and/or elements, all the strategy will be developing during the process, which call emergent approach. Finally, what people and task performed base on above approaches that will generate the strategic change by formal or informal organizational structure from the managers, because of environment, business relationship, technology, people, life cycle, political power, etc (Tichy, 1983). The importance of strategic change is that may occur considerable disruption, but this practice is also useful to analysis the specific causes for planning the best direction on Bransons management change. Bransons Corporate Level Strategy Diversification: The core business of Virgin Group is travel, but since early 1990, it has begun to involve in many other different businesses, such businesses are no directly or substantial relationships between each other. Such businesses include mass media, entertainment, beverage, finance, weight industries and more, all these small business units (SBUs) enriched the Virgins portfolio. Brand Extension: Branson built its red brand to represent value for money, quality, fun, innovation, success and trust. This idea is developed and applied on its whole range of businesses. Joint-Venture: In the flight service, each airline have to get the permission for access paths by during with local governments, this process is very complicated and consume a lot of resources in terms of human, money and time. Joint-venture is the method that can be easy to get this permission, also could be easy to meet the economic of scale to reduce cost, and share or lower the risk. Bransons SBUs Level Strategy Differentiation: Branson provides the offer which other firms no. The very common example is, Virgin Atlantics souvenirs are always different and united. Another one example is Virgin Atlantic keeps its safety record is zero accident, to increase the confidence to its passengers, or customers though its air ticket is expensive then others in generally. The Human Resource Framework Although people are intentionally rational, not all human behavior is the result of rationality. People do not leave their emotions and feelings at home when they come to work in the morning, and noneconomic objectives are pursued alongside economic objectives (Powell, 1999). In the human domain, the central issue is how to integrate human needs with organizational rationality. Virgin Group considers peoples as the important assets, so it pays attention on peoples motivation, culture and even the individual desires to manage and maintain peoples work well and comfortable. Branson also thinks staff first, then customers and shareholders, therefore the chairperson, staff, customers and shareholders could be considered as the key stakeholders. Chairperson Shareholders: Branson is as a leader in Virgin which has used the corporate brand name across its entire product, the whole Virgin Group is influenced by him, and he is the greater single asset in the group (Ensor Drummond, 2001). Meanwhile, Branson is one of the shareholder of Virgin Group companies, so as same as other shareholder, his values will be added into the group and will be implemented in running the business. Bransons values are innocence, innovation, quality, fun and irreverence of authority, all of such values could be found in his choices of new ventures. Investor: The investors mainly focus on the profit and the return of investment (ROI). This issue makes the conflict between investor and customers, because customers want to have better services that will increase the cost and decrease the maximization level of the profit Staff: The skills, knowledge and suggestions of the staff are important to the company, Branson also understand this point so that he wants his best people will stay in his company for venturing (Grant, 2003). Example: Julie Bower, Virgin Atlantic Project Manager, response to source alternative customer relations management (CRM) software, then experienced partially customized system with Virgin Atlantics own data. Finally, Saratoga System has been chosen as the provider of CRM system (Thomson Corporation Company, 2005). This example shows the valuable staff will affect the strategic development. Customers: The best products or services are always seeking by customer, in order words, firms are required to provide best product or service for maintaining current customers and exploring new customers. Companies that survive profitably in a competitive environment must be providing value for money (Johnson et al, 2005). Therefore, customers also influence the strategies of the company. Our first time with Virgin Atlantic, and out last! Chaotic queue at LHR took three hours to reach check in desk. The cabin crews were arrogant and more interested in putting on more make up than serving passengers. Virgin relies on their reputation from the eighties, but they have lost it big time. Want to travel and enjoy the experience avoid Virgin at all costs (Skytrax, 2008). This example not only explains how customers influence the strategy development, also explains to provide the certain products to customer can reduce the probability of finical loss. The Political Framework From the political perspective, organizations are coalitions of diverse individuals and groups with enduring differences in values and preferences. They are governed not by a single center, as is assumed in the rational perspective, but by a dominant coalition of interest groups. As such, organizations often operate with unresolved conflicts in goals (March Shapiro, 1992). From the human domain perspective, malfunctions arise from structural misalignment or from personal deficiency; while from the political perspective, divergent interests and resource scarcity inevitably turn organizations political. Government: The core business of Virgin Group is transport service, and this business is highly regulated by the government. In the result, government policy is very import to the Branson and company as well, like policy on safety, route, franchise etc. These factors are about the change in government or government policy. The airline industry in UK has been privatized already, this action is initiated by UK Government. Branson got the opportunity to run the airline services from this political change to be a franchisee. Branson entered the markets or industries that have large, well established competitors, for instance, David is one of his favorite roles who against Goliaths, it is the example that the corporate against a big business. Now, the airline industry is run by two parts, Virgin Atlantic and British airways, provide flight and airline services respectively. Moreover, British Airways is the main competitor for Virgin Atlantic that leaded Virgin Atlantic always played the underdog role in competing with British Airways. Though Virgin Atlantic and British Airways had been role as underdog and bully respectively, in 1992, Virgin Atlantic had been success to claim one and half million dollars from British Airways (Aker, 2005 Grant, 2003). The Symbolic Framework Symbolism plays a critical role in human experience. In the rational domain, the point of life is choice. However, organizational life is only partly concerned with making decisions (March Shapiro 1992). Decision making is often an arena for symbolic actions. Many events and processes are more important for what is expressed than for what is produced (Bolman Deal, 2008). The leaders use symbols to capture attention; they try to frame experience by providing plausible interpretations of experiences; they discover and communicate a vision. Innovation: Branson understands the new matters could attack the new customers and maintain the current customers, but its competitors also understand this simple theory. Therefore Virgin Atlantic based on the existed offers with new concepts or packages as a new products or services to get the competitive advantage in the industry. These factors are about the application of new inventors or ideas. The technology in air applies to the development of safe airplane, or reliable engine. Virgin Atlantic is the pioneer in this area, Branson introduced the Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines to power its new Airbus fleet of 10 A330-300s has triggered a big switch from polution to green eco-friendly travel on the route. The Trent 700 is the first engine in the highly successful Trent family. The 72,000lb thrust engine has lower maintenance costs, lower weight and better performance retention. With the lowest lifecycle fuel burn, lowest cumulative emissions and lowest noise levels the Trent 700 has the lowest environmental impact of any engine on the A330 (TravelDailyNews, 2009). Branson reduces the time taken for long distance travel and efficiency in helping to customers. Except the improvement on speed, Branson also increased number of channels for passenger to buy tickets by web and machine. The software was designed to link customer details, flight information and limo service details together and provides Virgin Atlantic staff with accurate information and tools to efficiently and effectively manage the Upper Class Wing operation (Journalism UK, 2008). Virgin Atlantic has got the opportunity to operate the UK and World air service by the government policy. The inflection perhaps people will be willing to expand more on the travelling. The change of working place also affects the demand on all the modes of transport. The new channels have been developed through the web and new machine system. The market still has space to operate obviously, but the most important consideration of a transport services provider is safety. So the most strength of Branson and Virgin Atlantic has been improving its reputation especially in safety and on-time to get confidence of passengers. Comparison of Richard Bransons corporate strategy decision In the stage of setting up the strategies, Branson definitely understand the strategies of which are the ways in which strategy develops in organization. Bransons Virgin Atlantic Airline Strategic Development Command View and Culture View are highlighted by Virgin Atlantic The culture view is that it occurs as the outcome of the taken-for-granted assumptions and behaviors in organizations. (Johnson et al, 2005) Branson founded Virgin Atlantic in 1984; in fact, Virgin Atlantics success highly depends on the founders principles to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travelers. This principle created and established the culture of Virgin Atlantic, because all Virgin companies also maintain an entrepreneurial culture based on Bransons principle. There are four strategic developments have been found out and will be further described in following: Strategy One: Differentiation Branson also has another philosophy in his principle which is to be a pioneer rather then a follower of the leader. In order to reach this point, Virgin Atlantic must offer highest quality innovative service for its air travelers. Its innovative actions include: 1986, the 1st airline provided sleeper seats in upper class 1990, the 1st airline brought in the automatic defibrillators, trained the staff to help in-flight cardiac arrest victims The 1st airline installed individual TVs to all classes of passenger on the wide-bodied aircraft 2005, won the RFID Breakthrough Integration Award since it is as a leader in RFID 2005 Virgin Atlantic applied RFID tag on the important parts that used in aircraft maintenance and repairs at Heathrow Airport warehouse, UK. The technological advancement is always the advantage taking for Virgin and the customers, said by Mark Butler, System Implementation Manager, Engineering Department, Virgin Atlantic (Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 2007). Strategy Two: Jointing Alliance Virgin Atlantic has jointed an alliance with many airlines until 2006 that providing better choice on where and when for its customers flights, the member of that alliance includes Singapore Airline, Bmi British Midland, Continental Airline, South African Airways, US Airways, Virgin Blue and Air China. All above airlines also signed Codeshare Agreement, so the connections between partners services become closer, customers could enjoy better service and value, such as checking customers and their luggage over to their final destination and synchronizing their schedules with Virgin Atlantics partners. Turn out the customers of Virgin Atlantic could enjoy the shortest possible connections between their services (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). The crises of 11th September, 2001 that affected the worldwide economy, Virgin Atlantic also got heavy losses in financial aspect. The alliance strategy was significantly assisted the recovery, because it reduced the investment and the accompanying inflexibility and risk during the uncertainties of operating in other countries (Aaker, 2005). Strategy Three: Partnership In 1999, Singapore Airline acquired 49% Virgin Atlantic stake that can reinforce to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travellers. Singapore Airline is a unique global partner, this is a perfect collaboration since both two airlines have an incomparable reputation for quality and innovation, and have own numerous awards from the travel industry. According to the terms of the dealing, both two airlines routes will not overlap each other and are uniquely complementary, also they keep independent managements, and the rights to develop their own products. This partnership action generated greater benefits to both companies passengers, such as fare, access to lounges world-wide and an increasingly seamless travel experience across their airlines network (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Japan Airline Strategic Development In terms of strategic management, the major contrast between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline is, Japan Airline is the one managed by traditional state-run or government hierarchy, so its companies strategy was established by country leader and the board, as same as or followed by the strategy of government, often the goal or the result is extremely unrealistic to the commercial. The gap occurs in between the top management board and the tactical managers which more strengthen the difficulties in implementation and lessen the competitiveness in international airline market. Moreover, Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on command view and culture view; in this session, Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view to develop its strategies. In the planning view, strategic planning is to use a formal planning system for the development and implementation of the strategies related to mission and objectives of the organization. (Lynch, 2000) Japan Airlines Background Japan Airline is a joint-venture company which was founded by one governmental company and two private companies, Japan Airline Company, Philippine Airlines and Northwest Airlines in 1951. Japanese Government bought the share from Northwest Airlines that leaded to Japan Airline totally transfer to Japanese Government. Nowadays, all decisions are made by the Board of Directors and their strategic development is mainly focused on strategic planning (Fundinguniverse, 2010). Japan Airlines Planning Procedure One of the Japan Airlines department, Corporate Planning Information Technology Services is established in Japan Airline for responsible to suggest strategies for Japan Airline. After the seminar in 1987, this department suggested five corporate strategies for planning strategies and implementation, one of the strategies is about operational. The Board of Directors and the management group suggest that it (the operational strategy) is now a matter of urgency that Japan Airline must speed up the development of the airlines state enterprise plan in compliance with the policy and guidelines., Minister Shintaro Ishihara, Tokyo Conference, Nov 6, 1987. Then, Minister Ishihara grouped Japan Airlines problems for Japan Airlines management group to take actions (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Although this company is now privatized, but used to be country-owned and running by Government long time, the country leaders provide comments and policies on commercial-based company. This manner had been intervened the flexibility of Japan Airline. In 2006, Japan Airlines Chairperson, Haruka Nishimatsu established three committees, Strategic Steering Committee, Project Management Committee and Task Force Committee to increase competitiveness and the value of shareholder (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Today, Japan Airline failed to be effectively competing with other airlines because of such time-consuming and not really flexible to implement in Japan Airlines planning. Conclusion Leaders establish goals, assumptions, policies, strategies, and accepted norms of behavior. They usually recruit and promote managers who conform to their own values and expectations. While a leaders influence is evident in all organizations, it will apply more to small, highly centralized firms, or young, owner run businesses, and can increase with tenure. In the addition, the most relevant contrasts between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline are: Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on culture and command view because of following the principle that provided by Branson that it is controlled by the company. Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view which is controlled by Government so almost every strategies development is produced follow the planning procedure to lead the company more systematic. In theory it should not only focus on single view, but these two companies are only focused one or two views, that led some limitations in Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline. For Virgin Atlantic, it is highly depends on the principles of Branson, he almost becomes the only one and unique person that can decide the future of Virgin Atlantic, includes stay in the market or shut down the business. Another side, for Japan Airline, it involves more procedures for making decision that could be enhances and smoothen the running for a company. As mentioned, there is only Branson is the key person for Virgin Atlantic or the whole Virgin Group, for the future, Virgin Group is suggested to established a number of rules or methods to maintain and investigate the current saturation of its businesses or the new ventures. After that, Branson is the most key person that affects all the things in Virgin Group, then is the staff, last is the customers. Last but not least, whether success to run a business depends on the policy, economy, society and technology in the place where located or plan to locate the business. In the result, the leader should aware all Structural, Human Resource, Political, and Symbolic framework in mind for coping the political, social, economic and technology factors positively. So, the finial suggestion is Richard Branson have to establish a committee to share and continue his great work.

William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Shakespeare Antony

William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra is aptly named, not just because the play centers around these two characters, but also because it encompasses the play’s fixation on the lovers’ oppositional relationship. On the surface level, Antony embodies the Roman ideals of a good, noble man, while Cleopatra represents the hyper-sexualized, dangerous Eastern woman. However, upon further examination both Antony and Cleopatra display complicated internal conflicts that effectively reverse these polar positions repeatedly throughout the play. In this way, the opposition between Antony and Cleopatra that exists on a simple, interpersonal level is echoed by more complicated, internal conflicts within each of these characters on a deeper, more individual level. The tension between the title characters creates the love that draws them together at the same time as it drives them further apart, thus establishing yet another layer of antagonistic relationships within the play. The importance of these oppositional relationships is underlined most starkly in Act II.2. In particular Enobarbus’ speech describing Cleopatra’s beauty functions as one of the greatest statements of the play’s conflicting themes. This speech reflects the antagonistic nature of the play’s central relationships through the invocation of equivalent antagonistic relationships between the violent descriptors used to depict Cleopatra. Throughout the play, Shakespeare establishes a love-hate relationship between Antony and Cleopatra. In doing so, there are times when the lovers are characterized as stark opposites of each other as well as instances where these characterizations are reversed. The Romans, represented b... ...defining Antony and Cleopatra’s equally oppositional relationship. The battles within her reflect Antony’s personal struggles, as well as the greater wars within their relationship. Thus, the dualities within Enobarbus’ speech reflect the oppositional relationships both within the play as a whole and within the greater context of Act II.ii. Antony and Cleopatra struggle to define themselves on intra- and inter-personal levels as well as within the greater societal sphere. Ultimately, they can never fully resolve the polar oppositions that exist both within and between them. This results in the physical and emotional violence that is both reflected and predicted in Enobarbus’ speech. Work Cited â€Å"Beggared†. Oxford English Dictionary. http://dictionary.oed.com/ Accessed 10/17/05 Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.

Hegel vs. Kant :: Spanish Essays

Le point de dà ©part de la philosophie critique de Kant est la philosophie rationaliste de Leibniz-Wolff . Par l’influence de Hume et de Rousseau, qui, selon ses propres termes, le mit  «sur le droit chemin », et provoqua chez lui une  «rà ©volution de la rà ©flexion », Kant sort de son  «sommeil dogmatique » en matià ¨re de contenus et de mà ©thodes, et à ©labore sa propre mà ©thode de rà ©flexion philosophique. L'expression  «critique transcendantale » qualifie le mieux la mà ©thode d'investigation philosophique de Kant. La philosophie rationaliste qui à ©nonce que â€Å" Ce qui nous (gà ¶tà ¼rmek) au savior exacte est les connaissances et les lois a priori† synthetisà © avec la critique de causalità © de Hume et les oeuvres de Rousseau donne la nasisance de cette philosophie critique. Sa volontà © de tracer les frontià ¨res dans tous les matià ¨res est lià © à   la qualità © critique de sa philosophie. â€Å"Critique† est à ¢â‚¬Å"la sà ©paration† dans une autre terme. Son livre â€Å"Critique de la Raison Pure† publià © en 1781, fond la base thà ©orique de critisisme. Cette oeuvre argumente pour â€Å"norte savoir ne puisse jamais transcende l’experience mais il est quasi a priori† et suit un schà ¨me de raisonnement: L’examination des elements du savoir (transcendantale elementaire) , l’examination de la mà ©thode (transcendantale mà ©thodique) en à ©tant sensible (transcendantale à ©sthetique). Elle cherche à   â€Å"araà ¾tà ½rmak les frontià ¨res et la construction du savoir humain†. Cette mà ©thode transcendantale est la mà ©thode qui examine le savoir en soi mais pas le savoir orientà © à   tel ou tel objet.Elle cherche aussi à   trouver la nature exacte des interets ou buts de la raison et la moyenne de puovoir rà ©aliser ces interets. Kant sà ©pare ce que Leibniz confonde : Les jugements analytique et synthetique   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Les jugements a priori et a posteriori(empirique) Les jugements analytiques expliquent seulement les concepts ( le jugement â€Å"les objets occupent une place† ne donne pas une information puisque â€Å"occuper une place† constitue la dà ©finition meme de l’objet) mais ceux qui sont synthà ©tique à ©largissent notre connaissance ( le jugement â€Å"cet objet est lourd† à ©tablit une relation entre le concept d’objet et d’etre lourd) Les jugements analytiques sont a priori mais les jugements synthetiques peuvent etre à   la fois a priori et empirique. Ce problà ¨me de â€Å"pouvoir etre a priori† pour les jugements synthà ©tiques definit le thà ¨me principale de â€Å"La critique de la Raison Pure†.Kant appelle ces jugements synthà ©tiques a priori, la seule source du savoir exacte. à l synthà ¨tise l’idealisme allemand avec l’empirisme et philosophe sur un chemin empiriste rationale.

Summary of Oedipus Rex Essay -- essays papers

Summary of Oedipus Rex Summary for "Oedipus Rex" The storytelling method that is employed in most classical writing, i.e. the Iliad and the Odyssey as well as Greek tragedy, allows for the development of two stories. One is the story of the "now." The "now" is told through the actions and events of the play or story. The other story that is told is the "past." The "past" is composed of stories that are told by characters and gives needed background information about the main characters and events. In Oedipus Rex, the realization of Oedipus's tyrannous rise to power is the "now" story. The story of Oedipus's birth and placement in the world is the "past" story. Both of these stories are woven into the play and each holds a place in the overall telling of the story. The "now" story in Oedipus begins with the scene in front of the palace of Oedipus at Thebes. In this scene, we find out that Thebes is experiencing hard times. The citizens of Thebes have come to Oedipus to find a solution. He sorrowfully tells them that he can think of no solution to the problem, however, he has sent Creon to ask the god Apollo for help. Creon returns and has good news. Apollo has given him the knowledge to remove the pestilence that is in Thebes. Oedipus, along with the other citizens of Thebes, is very interested in this information. Creon tells that the only solution to the pestilence is to expel the murderer of Laius, the former king of Thebes. Once again there is an unanswered question. How to find the murderer of Laius? Oedipus and Creon's pondering of the situation results in only one lead. One of the men that accompanied Laius when he was murdered lived through the ordeal. He knows only that it was a group of robbers that murdered Laius, not a single man. Seeming to be stuck on this problem, Oedipus takes the advice of Creon and sends for the seer Teiresias. Teiresias arrives. He does not bring the same news that Creon brought. Creon brought hope but Teiresias brings mystery and fear. He refuses to divulge the answer to the question because he worries that the knowledge could bring more harm then good. Oedipus, at first, pleads with Teiresias to realize the information and then begins to threaten him. Eventually, Teiresias explains that Oedipus is guilty of the crime, and that Oedipus is the answer to the question. Oedipus, now outraged, accuses... .... He learned, instead, that he was fated to kill his father and lie with his mother. After hearing this, he fled. On his flight, he came to a crossroad in which a carriage of men shoved him from the road. He became angry and killed them all. Unknowingly, he had just killed Laius and fulfilled the prophecy of patricide both he and Laius had been given. The rest of Oedipus's history is just the completion of his abandonment and confirmation of his heritage. These come from the messenger and the herdsman. The messenger tells the tale of how he had received Oedipus in the mountains from another man and he had brought Oedipus to Polybus to raise. He told that Oedipus was not of Polybus's blood. The herdsman told how he was the agent that tied Jocasta's tale and the messenger's together. He was the man to whom Jocasta had given the baby Oedipus. He told how he could not abandon the baby in the mountains and thought that it would be safe to give the baby to a man from Corinth, the messe nger. With the completion of this tale Oedipus knew that he was the offspring of Jocasta and Laius and that all of the prophecies were true. He then proceeded to blind himself and live a life of a wanderer.

Art of the Romantic Period

During the Romantic period, composers had shown their romantic side. The expressive part in all artists was being shown. The passion in art, the variety of bold colors, the freedom of expression, and how one feels through the sound of a piano or violin, it was all being shown. Much of what the classical period was still remained during the romantic period, but to most, the romantic period was so much more. The music was more emotional and expressive, and had even influenced artists that weren’t musicians to be romantic as well. All artists were becoming the romantics of the time, and what a time it was for the arts. The romantic period will always be remembered as a time in history when passion was important, expression was used, and emotion was seen and heard. There are many characteristics involved in the romantic period. The individuality of style was an important characteristic. Each composer had his own style that showed his innermost feelings through and expressed emotional piece of work. Expressive aims and subjects were also important during this period. The romantics explored a universe of feelings that included intimacy and flamboyance, melancholy and unpredictability, longing and rapture Romanticism (1820-1900) in music was brought to the world during the early nineteenth century. This music stressed emotion, imagination, and individualism. The Romantic period was about freedom of expression and breaking away from time-honored conventions. This period in time had influenced many, or even all of the arts. Painters used bolder and more brilliant colors in their works. Also, they had preferred dynamic motion to gracefully balanced poses. Poetry was also changed during the romantic period. Emotional subjectivity was a basic quality in every type of art during this time. Many artists had become â€Å"romantics† and had become drawn to the realm of fantasy: the unconscious, the irrational, and the world of dreams. Romantics were fascinated with the middle age, the time of chivalry and romance. What neoclassicists had thought of to be the â€Å"dark ages†, the romantics had cherished. The spirit of revolution was â€Å"a dedication to the principles of equality, reason, and a representative government. † (Bishop 323) With the overthrow of Kings in America and France it did not stop the injustices or establish a utopia of reason. With the middle class growing a society developed and a new sensibility arose called romanticism, which glorified the individual and prized feelings over reason and intellect. â€Å"This period of revolutionary change and romantic reaction (1775-1850) laid down the principles, and discovered the demons of the first modern society. † (Bishop 323) Elements of romantic art and literature came about to respond to different social and historical circumstances. Poets of this time argued against the social injustices of early society. A woman named Mary Wollstonecraft wanted equal rights for woman, and a Spanish painter Goya bitterly depicted the cruelty of war. Authors in England and North America such as Wordsworth and Emerson saw nature as a mirror of the human imagination. Painters developed now techniques of color and light to render the natural landscape’s sublime beauty. Other people sought escape in the past, and had a taste for picturesque medieval architecture. As the industrial life became dull and mechanical, the lure of exotic lands spurred the imaginations of architects such as Nash and painters such as Delacroix and Ingres. The people of the romantic age were fascinated with evil, the demonic, and the grotesque and the dark side of things that were reflected in the novel, with its medieval setting and tortured characters. The most famous Gothic novel was Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein†, which was a summation of the romantic motifs: â€Å"the genius, the noble savage, the protest against injustice, and the fascination with evil. † At one point in the study of the Romantic period of music, we come upon the first of several apparently opposing conditions that plague all attempts to grasp the meaning of Romantic as applied to the music of the 19th century. This opposition involved the relation between music and words. If instrumental music is the perfect Romantic art, why is it acknowledged that the great masters of the symphony, the highest form of instrumental music, were not Romantic composers, but were the Classical composers, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven? Moreover, one of the most characteristic 19th century genres was the Lied, a vocal piece in which Shubert, Schumann, Brahams, and Wolf attained a new union between music and poetry. Furthermore, a large number of leading composers in the 19th century were extremely interested and articulate in literary expression, and leading Romantic novelists and poets wrote about music with deep love and insight. The conflict between the ideal of pure instrumental music (absolute music) as the ultimate Romantic mode of expression, and the strong literary orientation of the 19th century, was resolved in the conception of program music. Program music, as Liszt and others in the 19th century used the term, is music associated with poetic, descriptive, and even narrative subject matter. This is done not by means of musical figures imitating natural sounds and movements, but by imaginative suggestion. Program music aimed to absorb and transmit the imagined subject matter in such a way that the resulting work, although â€Å"programmed†, does not sound forced, and transcends the subject matter it seeks to represent. Instrumental music thus became a vehicle for the utterance of thoughts which, although first hinted in words, may ultimately be beyond the power of words to fully express. Practically every composer of the era was, to some degree, writing program music, weather or not this was publicly acknowledged. One reason it was so easy for listeners to connect a scene or a story or a poem with a piece of Romantic music is that often the composer himself, perhaps unconsciously, was working from some such ideas. Writers on music projected their own conceptions of the expressive functions of music into the past, and read Romantic programs into the instrumental works not only of Beethoven, but also the likes of Mozart, Haydn, and Bach! The diffused scenic effects in the music of such composers as Mendelssohn and Schumann seem pale when compared to the feverish, and detailed drama that constitutes the story of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique (1830). Because his imagination always seemed to run in parallel literary and musical channels, Berlioz once subtitled his work â€Å"Episode in the life of an artist†, and provided a program for it which was in effect a piece of Romantic autobiography. In later years, he conceded that if necessary, when the symphony was performed by itself in concert, the program would need not be given out for the music would â€Å"of itself, and irrespective of any dramatic aim, offer an interest in the musical sense alone. † The principle formal departure in the symphony is the recurrence of the opening theme of the first Allegro, the idee fixe. This, according to the program, is the obsessive image of the hero's beloved, that recurs in the other movements. To mention another example: in the coda of the Adagio there is a passage for solo English horn and four Tympani intended to suggest â€Å"distant thunder†. The foremost composer of program music after Beriloz was Franz Liszt, twelve of whose symphonic poems were written between 1848 and 1858. The name symphonic poem is significant: these pieces are symphonic, but Liszt did not call them symphonies, presumably because or their short length, and the fact that they are not divided up into movements. Instead, each is a continuos form with various sections, more or less varied in tempo and character, and a few themes that are varied, developed, or repeated within the design of the work. Les Preludes, the only one that is still played much today, is well designed, melodious, and efficiently scored. However, its idiom causes it to be rhetorical in a sense. It forces today's listeners to here lavishly excessive emotion on ideas that do not seem sufficiently important for such a display of feeling.

Foodservice Industry Essay

The foodservice industry is complex, fast growing, and ever changing. Many factors affects its growth and status, including socioeconomic conditions, demograpic shits, and the changing food habits and desire of the America people. Being alert to these changes will help foodservice managers adapt their operations to meet the demands of the times. Foodservices with similar characteristics are grouped as prticular types of production are grouped as particular types of production or operating system. Each of the four types of foodservice operating systems found united states today is described with its identifying features, advantages and disadvantages. The typical foodservic organizations that use each types are also identified. This description should provide a basis for managers to decide on the type of operation suitable for a particular situation. The system differ in where the food is preparedin relation to where it is served, the time span between preoparation and service, the forms of foods purchased, methods of holding prepared foods and the amount and kind of labor and equipment required. The types of foodservice system is conventional, ready- prepared, commisary and assembly system. Introduction of Conventional system As the name implies, the conventional system has been used traditionally throughout the years. Menu items are prepared in a kitchen in the same facility where the meals are served and held a short time, either hot and cold, until serving time. In earlier years all preparation, as well as cooking, took place on the premise, and foods were prepared from basic ingredients. Kitchen included a butcher shop, bakery,and vegetable preparation units. Over the year a modified conventional system has evolved because of labor shortages, high-labor costs, and the avaibility of new form of food. To reduce time and labor costs, foodservice managers began to purchase some foods with ‘’built-in’’ labor. Butcher shops, in which meats were cut from prime cuts, and bake shops are gone from the most ‘’conventional’’ kitchen today. Meats are now purchased ready to cook or portion controlled: bread and many bakery items are purchased from a commercial bakery or prepared fro mixes: and produceis available in prepeeled, cut, frozen, or canned forms, all of which reduce the amount of production and labor required on the premises. Foods with varving degreesof processing are now used in conventional foodservice systems. This system is most effective in situations and locales where the labor supply is adequate and of relatively low cost :where sources of the food supplies, especially raw foods, are readily available: and when adequate space is allocated for foodservice equipment and activities. Typical users of the conventional system are smaller foodservice operations such as independent restaurants, schools, colleges, hospital and health care facilities, homes for specialized groups, and in-plant eployee feeding. Advantages and disadvantages of conventional system The conventional system has many advantages. Quality control is considered of primary improtance. Through the menu, recepis, and quality of ingredients selected by the manager, the foodservice achives its individuality and standard of quality desired. It is not dependent on the availability and variety of frozen entrees and other menu items commercially prepared. This system is more adaptable to the regional, ethnic, nd individual preferences of its customers than is possible with other systems. From an economic standpoint, greater flexibility is possible in making menu changes to take advantages of good market buys and seasonal fluctuations. Also, less freezer storage space is required than with the other systems, and distribution costs are minimal, both of which save on energy use the costs. Disadvantages The conventional system produces an uneven, somewhat stressful workday caused by meal period demands. Because the menu differs each day, the workloads vary, making it difficult for workers to achieve high productivity. Skilled workers may be assigned tasks that could be completed by nonskilled employees just to feel their time between meals periods. When three meals a dayare served, two shifts of employees are required to cover the 12 to 15 hours or longer workday. Schedulling workers may be difficult with overlapping shifts.

Poverty and Deprivation Essay

The area a child grows up in has an effect, for example if a child is brought up on a council estate in poor housing they are more likely to have health problems. If parents are not working or have low income jobs they are likely to buy cheaper food and usually this means lower quality which can lead to health problems. Children and their families may have lower expectations. They might settle for the life that id mapped out. If a child lives in high rise flats or appartments they have less oppportunities to play. In poor quality housing there may not be a garden or safe playing area. This is reducing the childs opportunities to develop their physical gross motor skills. This of course is not always the case and there are many ways that we can tackle these issues and help to improve the chances and opportunities children have who live in poverty. However, if a lack of nourishing food is a problem due to severe poverty, this can severly damage a childs physical and mental well being. This can have a knock on effect in the sense that they become listless and withdrawn from having no energy, meaning they find it hard to take part in learning activities and won’t have the benefit of developing their learning further. If there is a strained parental relationship due to money worries a child will undoubtedly be affect by this also. Poverty can affect children adversley in many ways and it’s important that they get what they are missing at home when they go to pre-school/nursery. History of abuse and neglect – Family environment and background – Behaviour of mother during pregnancy – †¢ During pregnancy, if a mother smokes, takes drugs, becomes ill or suffers from stress or anxiety this can result in premature birth and health problems for the baby such as -: low birth weight, undeveloped organs, problems with sight and hearing. These are all problems that could delay their development. Some children are born with conditions that could affect  their development such as a blood disorder. Personal choices – †¢If a child or young person as decided for what ever reason they do not want to be educated or leave school before they finish their education, this is their choice and we cannot always show them alternative choices for staying at school. Looked after/care status – †¢This again could have a huge influence as a lot of looked after children are moved around regularly. This will effect their education enormously. Separation and attachment issues are quite often the cause of many reasons not to want to be in school. This is constantly worked on by schools to find the best way to include these children in school and to be able to give them a good standard of education. Education – †¢If for example a child has not attended a nursery or play group in their early years this can often set them back from what development stage they should be at when attending school. This could be the lack of nursery places, not good enough teachers to the child having a learning disability that has not been identified yet. 2.3 Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. Albert Bandura – imitating/copying other.  Burrhus Skinner – learning is affected by awars and punishments. Jean Piaget – children actively involved in their learning. Shabhna Jerome – active in own learning, develop different ways of thinking at different stages. Lev Vygotsky- Zone of Proximal Development/scaffolding, children actively learning through social interaction. How current theorist views influence practice today. Skinner – reward charts and other positive reinforcement techniques.  Vygotsky – developed a concept called proximal development which centres on the idea that adults help children to learn and that children help each other . Guiding children to look for answers by imitating what they see in others, listening to instructions and working as part of a group all provide opportunities for them to expand their current base of knowledge. Bruner- developed spiral curriculum which makes us believe that children learn through discovery with direct assistance by adults to encourage them to return to activities time and time again which would develop and extend their learning. His theory is used today as children have plenty of opportunity for free play and child initiated activities which form the majority of the day under the Foundation Phase Curriculum. Bandura – developed the social learning theory which is basically learning through watching others. By setting a good example and modelling good behaviour children will learn how to behave appropriately.

Integrated and multi-agency working Essay

1.1 Explain the importance of multi-agency working and integrated working. Multi-agency working allows practitioners from different sectors and professions to work together to support children, young people and families. It makes sure that the child has the best support it can have. It has amazing benefits for the child and early identification and intervention allows that child to have tailor made support, thus allowing the child to reach his/her full potential either in their learning or development. It is important that young children and their families have support as a holistic approach which is part of the government framework. For example.ECM Every Child Matters, the five outcomes of ECM is that we should be working together to achieve the best possible outcomes for the children. The five aims are as follows. 1. be healthy. 2. Stay safe 3 Enjoy and achieve 4Make a Positive contribution 5Achieve economic well-being. A very effect part of multi agency working is inclusion and so they will encourage the child to be a part of whole class learning and will plan and adapt lessons accordingly. So the individual agencies provide different areas of expertise and the child will have the benefit of the holistic approach. 1.2. Analyse how integrated working practices and multi-agency working in partnership deliver better outcomes for children and young people. There are many outcomes for children that will be positive if the professionals working with the children and their families can share and agree upon the way they might assess, plan and implement for the child. Both the children and their parents can be involved in any plans to ensure that a child can achieve their potential both educationally and developmental. It is far more beneficial for the child to have a group of people who are skilled in different areas working with them and their families rather than to have help in only one area. It is equally important that all professionals involved share information on progress because failure to do so may lead to that child not receiving the best advice or help possible., they also need to meet up on a regular basis with the parents, teachers or any adult that are working on a daily basis with that child to have current idea on their progress. It is also important that if they are working with a child who is culturally different to gain as much information and understanding of their culture and communities. Although sometimes the school cannot support all issues surrounding the child such as housing they can provide an important point of contact and organise other professional help thus giving the child a very good start in life. 1.3. Describe the functions of external agencies with whom your work setting or service interacts. In our setting we have several different agencies that come into the school to give extra support to children. Speech and language therapists come in to initially assess the child, they will then either give us a set programme to follow to enable us to work on a 1-1 basis or with a small group of children, and the programme can include things like listening to / following instructions, pronunciation of certain letters /words. The same programme will be sent home to parents and they will be encouraged to follow it to enable the child to have as much help as possible. The Childs GP may have made the referral to the speech and language therapist if they thought that the child had difficulty in communicating effectively. Social workers will work with the child’s family to help them improve many things such as housing issues, poverty or any health needs of if there has been a bereavement that the parents or child are having difficulty coming to terms with. Educational psychologists will work with a child who has specific learning needs or psychological needs; they are usually brought in by the setting and will usually work with the child in the setting. TAC (team around the child) This is 2 or more professionals from different areas who come in to support the child and their families, this is done by offering parenting classes and helping the parent cope with day to day situations that they find stressful, for example this could be arranging childcare or advising on budgeting. School nurse comes in to weigh child, do hearing, dental and sight tests and will inform parent of any specific problems which may arise once these tests are completed. 1.4 Explain common barriers to integrated working and multi-agency working and how these can be overcome. Some professionals use their own abbreviated language when talking about their areas of expertise which is only recognised by their profession and so other professionals from different fields may not understand what is being said or meant. Other professional people may be used to working on their own so may find it difficult to share knowledge or accept advice given to them on how to deal with a situation. Different professions may have a different way of dealing with risks and may have different views and priorities on how to deal with children; they may feel threatened or upset when they are asked to find new ways of working. In order to work together successfully it is important that each profession is respected and made aware that their knowledge is seen as a valuable contribution to the multi-agency working†¦ it is also important for the individual professions to open t heir minds and consider a different approach and to communicate with each other and remember that every profession is working towards the benefit of the child. The key to a multi-agency running smoothly is to have a lead professional who will act as a point of contact for the child and their families and who will then take responsibility for the other agencies involved and communicate between all of the professionals thus hopefully preventing any barriers. 1.5 Explain how and why referrals are made between agencies. If the class teacher has any concerns about a Childs development or progress and think that that child may have an underlying problem that is stopping them from reaching their full potential such as a hearing, speech or any SEN (Special Educational Needs) then they inform the SENCO (Special Educational Co- Coordinator), they will come and observe the child and then if they think along the same lines then they will decide on which professional to make a referral to. The parent can also ask to be referred to a professional agency if they think their child is having specific difficulties. The professional then comes in and do their observations and will decide whether that child will need to be involved with several different agencies or with one specific one, such as speech and language. The parents will always be informed and will be involved in any referral process. It is essential that the Childs needs are identified and assessed quickly so that the proper provision can be put in place as soon as possible and the child can participate and be included in mainstream school and reach their full potential. 1.6 Explain the assessment frameworks that are used in own UK Home Nation. As a way of providing early intervention for a child before their situation reaches crisis point the Children’s Act (2004) and Every Child matters (DFES 2003) outlined a Common Assessment framework (CAF). It is a shared assessment and planning framework. This consists of a form which is filled in by the school (At my setting this is usually completed by the child protection officer) and the parent and can. take between 1 and 1.30 hours to complete. It can include concerns about Childs health and safety within the family, learning and developmental needs, any concerns about poverty within the family or behavioural issues. Once completed the form is sent to the CAF admin who will decide which professionals need to be involved, this could be a single agency such as a support worker who will work closely with the family or a multi-agency (TAC team around the child). By intervening early hopefully this will stop the child being referred to social services and being taken away from their families. 3.3a Analyse the potential tension between maintaining confidentiality with the need to disclose information. Where abuse of a child or young person is suspected. If a child/young person confides in us and discloses information where I suspect they maybe being abused I cannot promise to keep it a secret because I will have to disclose the information given in order to protect them. I would tell them that I have to inform others and that they will not be in trouble, as a main feature of sexual abuse is that the abuser asks the child to keep this a secret and tell them that they will be in trouble if they say something. I would write down exactly what the child said and date and sign the form and discuss the issue with the child protection officer. Potential tension could occur between myself and that child as they may think that I have let them down and abused their trust and may be reluctant to reveal any more, also if the abuser is a family member then once they have been informed of the disclosure they may be angry and could come to the school and threaten me or my family members, they may also remove the child from the setting and that child would be terrified and feel that everything is their fault. The suspected abuser could also make allegations against me saying that I am making up the whole story in order to protect themselves and until the abuse is proven they may try to instigate a group of parents to be little me every day which would cause a very stressful and intimidating situation. For an older child they may decide to withhold some of the information and so I would make it clear to them that they have different options such as the NSPCC, Child line, if they felt they could not talk to me. 3.3b when it is suspected that a crime has been/ may be committed. Firstly it is important to define what the crime is and how serious the crime is, as crime can cover a wide range of things from things like DVD Piracy right through to murder. If I felt the crime would not harm the child or others such as the DVD piracy then I would keep the disclosure confidential because it is important that the trust between child, parent and school be maintained in order for the families to share other information with us. If a child is being hurt or their parents are involved in more serious crime such as abuse, violence, drug trafficking or burglary then it would be obvious that you have to break confidentiality to ensure that the child that you are looking after is not in any significant harm and is safe and protected, and although my reporting the crime to others and the police would cause considerable tension within the family which may even result in a prison sentence and there may be significant repercussions made to me, my duty of care is to that child and I have to protect them at all times. If it were an older child and they were committing serious crimes themselves then I would inform them that I would have to involve the police and break confidentiality , this would cause considerable tension between the child/ young person and myself as they would inevitably get into serious trouble and they may want to hurt me or my family, they may even find out where I live and burgle my house . If the child was taking or selling illegal substances then I would try to find out why they were doing so and then try to persuade them to seek advice from a drug counsellor or their GP, hopefully my early intervention may cause them to realise that what they are doing is wrong and they may see the error in their ways and change their approach to life and breaking confidentiality would be the right thing to do in order to support the young person in getting the best help available.

Climate Change- Reality or Myth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Climate Change- Reality or Myth - Assignment Example As a result, it moves to areas inhabited by man as it is seen roaming in roads, cities as well as in homes. The reason for choosing the polar bear is because it has shifted from the usual habitat. Moreover, the polar bear is known not to be friendly to a human being. However, in this case, circumstances have forced it to embrace human and to surround for survival. Hence, it delivers the message of the video that one has to change the way of movement due to unavoidable circumstances. The Nissan Company has managed to reach their target audience. This has been possible by showing how polar bear has shifted due to unavoidable circumstances. There are various reasons for confusion in the media and among the masses on the issue of climate change and linkage to man. First, the media is likely to be manipulated by those that are against man linked to climate change. For example, some corporate that are responsible for increased greenhouse gases may influence the media and distort information concerning climate change. Secondly, the masses may not have basic facts relating to climate change and hence they may have little knowledge concerning climate

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of Essay

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of America and the Western Europe are limited - Essay Example The following essay will compare the differences in the systems of higher education both in the USA and Western European countries. Key words: higher education in the USA, higher education in the Western Europe, Bologna Declaration Though there are limited similarities between higher education in the USA and Western Europe, nevertheless they exist. First of all, the students both in the USA and Europe enter the college or university after finishing school and getting secondary education. In the USA one has to attend 12 years of primary and secondary school, and with the secondary school diploma or certificate one can go on to getting higher education in the university or college. The secondary education in the Western Europe differs slightly from country to country. Generally, the pupils need to attend 11-12 years of primary and secondary school before entering college or university. To enter university students in both Europe and the USA need to provide a proof of completion of high school. Besides, in the USA pupils need to pass the standardized test (SAT, ACT). There is a tuition fee that needs to be paid, but the amount can be different from university to university. There are public and private universities in the USA as well as Western Europe. As far as higher education goes, still, there are more differences than similarities between the USA and the Western European countries. Usually, American students are able to earn their Bachelor's degrees by attending Spring and Fall semesters for four years, if they spend summers at home. It is also possible to study in summer, this way one will earn his Bachelor’s degree in a shorter period of time. â€Å"Most colleges and universities follow either a quarter-based calendar system or a semester-based calendar system. In a quarter system, the academic year is divided into three sessions called quarters. Each quarter lasts about 12 weeks. There is usually an additional quarter in the summer, where registrat ion is optional. In a semester system, the academic year is divided into two sessions called semesters. Each semester lasts 16 weeks.† (The US College Unit System, para.2) Study at a college or university leading to the Bachelor's degree is known as "undergraduate" education. A Bachelor degree is the most traditional degree given by the US colleges and universities. The American system of higher education measures student's progress in credit hours. The student must earn 124 credits to graduate with a Bachelor's degree. Each college course is assigned a certain value in â€Å"credits† or â€Å"units.† The number of units corresponds to the number of hours that a student will attend class for that course. Most colleges require that students complete a minimum number of units in order to graduate, rather than a minimum number of courses. This way, it gives students more flexibility and more freedom of choice as far as what courses to take in order to complete their graduation requirements. If one finds his bachelor’s degree to be insufficient, he/she may proceed to get their Master’s degree and Doctorate (also known as PhD). One may need a PhD degree to teach at the university, for example. In addition, there are some courses that are taught only at the â€Å"postgraduate† level (the next level after the Bachelor’s degree). Among such courses are law, medicine and dentistry. How

Annoted Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annoted Bibliography - Essay Example Banks were existing during that time. There were both private and temple banks. Loans were given out to people with houses being collateral while others were just freestanding religious institutions. There was encouragement of to invest his or her capital in vineyards, and if someone would enter this amount as a debt, the owner was to realize a six percent profit. He further reiterates that the investment idea and advice to the Romans show was an indicator of some degree of financial power during that era. People knew that loans are not grants and can be used for investment purposes. People were told to think of the opportunities brought by the invested funds, whether they have received legitimately or as a loan. Many people took a loan to enhance trading and finance their business activities. Before the industrial revolution, merchants formed a huge population that was a foundation of the capital market in the Roman Empire. In the history of Roman Empire, other assets were functioning in place of physical money. Grains and wines are some of the many commodities that were allowed in making payment, facilitating exchange and trading activities, measuring values and wealth of an individual. The use of coins reduced because of such assets in some sectors of the roman economy. During the last days, the empire, it was an important factor in evalua ting impact and nfluence of the ultimate increase in the coin supply. The article remains a great resource in this research, and I will not do without it. Its content is rich, and provides a provocative content that would be detrimental in research

Discovering Statistics Using SPSS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discovering Statistics Using SPSS - Assignment Example The data for this report was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three sets of questions. The first set comprised 21 separate questions concerning five dimensions of service quality. Sub-questions 1 through 6 focused on tangible elements of the service. Sub Questions 20 and 21 measured the empathy dimension, whilst 16 through 19 measured the assurance dimension. Questions 7, 10,11,12 focused on reliability with 8, 9, 13,14,15 measuring responsiveness. These questions followed a similar format to previous research in this field, such that measurement validity was maintained; a 5 point scale was used to allow respondents to rate the service performance. The second set of questions attempted to get the respondents to weight the importance they attached to each of the five dimensions of service quality. The third set of questions were ‘key independent variables’ which measured respondent characteristics. These allowed us to ascertain the demographics of the sample and facilitate analysis of variance later. The questionnaire was pre†tested for face validity with potential users of the sports center. There were no problems with face validity and the questionnaire was deemed to be reliable. The sampling method took the form of a probability sample of students at the University in question. The sampling frame was composed of the email addresses of all students. Using simple random sampling a sample size of 200 was deemed appropriate † with the potential sampling error of 9%. The research used a structured questionnaire which is characterized by a diverse scales; the questionnaire was divided into three categories. The first questionnaire was determined to assess the service quality of the sports center; the results obtained on a five-point Linkert scale. The second part of the questionnaire attempted to evaluate the most important sports’ services and facilities according to the views of the students; the importance was measured on a scale of one-hundred percent.