Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photocatalysts in Indian Medical Association Research Paper

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photocatalysts in Indian Medical Association - Research Paper Example The ability of photocatalytic substances, for example, titanium dioxide (TiO2) to disintegrate organic contaminants in the air and water has been established by Verdier et al. as one of the methods used to kill micro-organisms. Studies by Bonetta et al. have shown that the rutile and anatase forms of TiO2 have photocatalytic activity and are active against various Gram-positive & Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and green algae such as, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Chlorella Vulgaris. There are two key traits that make TiO2 ideal in the manufacture of building materials. (Rekha et al., 2010) They include photo-stimulated redox reactions of adsorbed materials and the photo-generated hydrophilic exchange of TiO2. Titanium dioxide is deemed as sedentary and safe material and has been used in many functions including the manufacture of several products such as paint, used as food additive, nutritional supplements among others.The first part of th e trial carried by the Indian Medical Association was carried in the premises whereby they tested photocatalysts efficacy of TiO2 in the Indian Scenario. The test was done as stipulated in the ISO protocol 27447:2009. The selected area of testing included the floor, door handles and table top swap of the premises. They cultured bacteria and counted the number of colonies in each sample. There was a lot of microorganism from the three selected regions. The ground floors had largest number of the organism compared to table top swap.

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller | Analysis of Abigail

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller | Analysis of Abigail Obvious Faults In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. In the play, Abigail Williams is the main character in the book. She has worked at John Proctors house as a maid, she also love John and has an affair with John Proctor. She is 17 years old in the book, but her true age is 11 years old. Abigail is a mean and vindictive people who make the wrong decisions, and hurts anyone to get what she wants; John Proctor. Her faults are quite obvious, she does deserve the blame for the outcome of the play. Abigail loves John Proctor, but John has a wife, Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail is very jealous of Elizabeth. So,she uses witchcraft to frame Elizabeth. She really hope Elizabeth die, if Elizabeth died, she will be the only lover for John. Abigail williams is a person that living under the very stern leadership of her uncle (Reverend Parris), and hoping for a life with John, she falsely believes her all contribute in love to making her into the spiteful character she becomes. Abigail is a very vindictive person who always want her things, no matter who she hurts,she also never care for anybody except John Proctor. Abigail has a conversation with John in Act I: I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! (22). Abigail always imagined John Proctor would be hers and love her, because she has an affair with John before. But John Proctor didnt want to betray to his wife Elizabeth. Elizabeth will not trust John again, because his earlier deceit: I am only wondering how I may prove what she [Abigail] told me, Elizabeth. If the girls a saint now, I think it is not easy to prove shes fraud, and the town gone so silly. She told it to me in a room alone-I have no proof for it. [] Then let you not earn it (52). Abigail not only love John Proctor, she also think John love her too. Abigail believes she is worthy of Proctors love, and that Elizabeth is not. Proctor had an affair with Abigail in seven months in the beginning of the play. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth used Abigail to be a maid in their house, to help their homework, until Elizabeth found the affair between John and Abigail, then she threw the maid out. Although John told she that the affair was over and he also never touch her again, she tried to rekindle their love and romance. Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. (23) She claims that she loved John and that he loved her too. Before the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse.ABIGAIL: Gah! Id almost forgot how strong you are, John Proctor! PROCTOR, looking at Abigail now, the faintest suggestion of a knowing smile on his face: Whats this mischief here?[] PROCTOR: No, no, Abby. Thats done with (9). Abigail and John both have lies, they lie other pe ople about their relationship and their past. Abigail not only believes she is worthy of Proctors love, she also frames Elizabeth Proctor for witchcraft. Abigail is very ruthless and cunning when she frames Elizabeth Proctor for witchcraft. During Elizabeths illness, Abigail took advantage of Johns insecurity and loneliness to seduce him. She also think she is Johns true love and his ideal choice to be his wife. She believes only Elizabeth die, she can marry with John and achieve her fantasy. In Act I, Abigail tries to protect herself: And make this, Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know that I can do it (20). Abigail used threat of violence to make other girls beliefs some real witchcraft, then keep them in a same line together. John reveals Abigails true desire and jealousy in the church: PROCTOR, breathless and in agony: It [Abigail] is a whore! DANFORTH, dumfounded: You charge-? ABIGAIL: Mr. Danforth, he is lying! PROCTOR: Mark her! Now shell suck a scream to stab me with but-[] God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance, and you must see it now (89). John said Abigail is a whore to seduce him, then he thinks he has a dear good wife, he cant betray his wife. So, Abigail cant restore John, then vengeance John and Elizabeth. Arthur Miller describes Abigail Williams in The Crucible is a vindictive and manipulative girl. She decisive in making the wrong decisions, she always hurts other people who around her then to get what she wants, she really want to get John Proctor. So, that is why she always uses conspiracy to framed Elizabeth. She also a poor girl who just want to find a true love and a man.But, her faults are quite obvious, so she does deserve the blame for the outcome of the play.

Abc Book :: Free Essay Writer

ABC Book Agatha Christie, the author of "And then there were None" is called the Queen of Mystery by those who have read her books. In addition to, "And then there were None", Agatha Christie has written many books, which include "ABC Murders", "Body in the Library", Easy to Kill" and "Towards Zero". Brent, the family name of Emily, the 65 year old daughter of a Colonel, and definitely not happy with the way the world is going now. She liked every thing as it was 45 years ago, when children did what their parents told them to and when everyone respected their elders, but now †¦.. Coroner's inquest having turned her life upside down, Vera Claythorne has had tough luck so far in her life. She does not have a lot of money, and has had trouble finding a job after the inquest. Even though she had been acquitted, people still look at her funny when she walks down the street. Doctor Armstrong, a former doctor who likes time to think. Whenever he thinks about the past one of the first things to pop into his mind is the fact alcohol ruined his life. If only he hadn't had a couple of drinks before operating on his patient, he might not have accidentally killed him. Everyone was dead when the police got to the Island. Nobody could figure out what happened. The police did not find any suicide notes and searched the island a couple of times. The police found no-one in hiding and were left open- mouthed and clueless. Fred Narracott was the boatman who took everyone to the island on his boat. As he told the police, as far as he knew he was the only one who had taken anyone over to the Island. General Macarthur, loved war and was disappointed when he had to stop fighting on the battle grounds. War was his life. He loved the smell, the sounds and the feel of battle. In fact he craved to kill again. Helpless, the guests on the island were prey to the killer, they couldn't get off the island because there was no boat. Hiding was out of the question due to the bad storm, and they did not know who the killer was, so everyone was under suspicion. Indian Island was purchased under the name U.N. Owen and nobody knew who it was. All the tabloids were saying royalty had bought the island or some eccentric millionaire, but nobody really knew who it was. Justice Wargrave, was a judge. You could say he was a murderer, even though he Abc Book :: Free Essay Writer ABC Book Agatha Christie, the author of "And then there were None" is called the Queen of Mystery by those who have read her books. In addition to, "And then there were None", Agatha Christie has written many books, which include "ABC Murders", "Body in the Library", Easy to Kill" and "Towards Zero". Brent, the family name of Emily, the 65 year old daughter of a Colonel, and definitely not happy with the way the world is going now. She liked every thing as it was 45 years ago, when children did what their parents told them to and when everyone respected their elders, but now †¦.. Coroner's inquest having turned her life upside down, Vera Claythorne has had tough luck so far in her life. She does not have a lot of money, and has had trouble finding a job after the inquest. Even though she had been acquitted, people still look at her funny when she walks down the street. Doctor Armstrong, a former doctor who likes time to think. Whenever he thinks about the past one of the first things to pop into his mind is the fact alcohol ruined his life. If only he hadn't had a couple of drinks before operating on his patient, he might not have accidentally killed him. Everyone was dead when the police got to the Island. Nobody could figure out what happened. The police did not find any suicide notes and searched the island a couple of times. The police found no-one in hiding and were left open- mouthed and clueless. Fred Narracott was the boatman who took everyone to the island on his boat. As he told the police, as far as he knew he was the only one who had taken anyone over to the Island. General Macarthur, loved war and was disappointed when he had to stop fighting on the battle grounds. War was his life. He loved the smell, the sounds and the feel of battle. In fact he craved to kill again. Helpless, the guests on the island were prey to the killer, they couldn't get off the island because there was no boat. Hiding was out of the question due to the bad storm, and they did not know who the killer was, so everyone was under suspicion. Indian Island was purchased under the name U.N. Owen and nobody knew who it was. All the tabloids were saying royalty had bought the island or some eccentric millionaire, but nobody really knew who it was. Justice Wargrave, was a judge. You could say he was a murderer, even though he

Junot Diaz Treflection

JuJunot Diaz Reflection From what I had previously read and heard from about Junot Diaz, I expected the typical speaker that usually stops by our campus: tall male, dressed in a suite, with a charming personality. Knowing he was a Hispanic author I felt like I would be exposed to nothing new during his readings or presence for that matter ( seeing as how being from Colombia and have had a lot of exposure to Hispanic authors).This immediately changed as a couple classmates and I got together to walk over to Sorenson Hall, and, as I we were walking to the auditorium, found multiple students heading to the same even but not because their curriculum required it but rather because they were so intrigued to hear him speak. Obviously, this triggered my own interest in what this author, that I originally found so predictable, had to say. From the moment he set foot on the stage to when he said goodbye, I was intrigued.Diaz evoked a casual atmosphere; through cursing and joking he made the cr owd feel comfortable. What I found most interesting was how he explained the different views between him and his family and how looked negatively it seemed for him to become an artist. He also explained multiple aspects about the cultural differences, and talked about the concepts of â€Å"trading your culture† he explained how crazy it is to realize at our age that everyone’s dreams aren’t your dreams.I agreed with everything he had to say and I found the way he evoked his opinions, through casual conversation and a comical tone, to be very effective. What I found most interesting though, is how he compared writing to an art form which says the stuff people don’t want to hear. As he was talking about this topic, I couldn’t help but compare his style of writing to that of graffiti art. He holds a rebellious attitude towards society that makes his writing appealing.Attending this reading taught me much about the topic of learning by making mistakes. My whole life, I’ve been raised thinking that mistakes shouldn’t occur, and the fact that he mentioned that one should take time out to learn through failure and making mistakes caught my attention immediately. Attending Diaz’s reading has been one of the most interesting things I’ve experience while at Babson and I know that when I type the last sentence of this reflection I am buying logging on to amazon and buying his book.

Students

There Is so much that has been written on the topic of success. Success is envied and there is great aspiration by both individuals and organizations to achieve it. It is therefore no wonder that so much attention has been paid to it. Does the fact that success is synonymous with power make it even more precious to be sought for? How is success achieved and sustained, and what lessons can be learned from those who have ‘been there and done that. The word ‘success' when uttered is perceived in so many various ways as it means differently from person to person and from origination to organization. To some the word success brings Joy, to others it brings fear and for some it is taboo when associated with accumulation of wealth since money is viewed as the root of evil. However, Edwards (2007) stipulates that â€Å"money itself is just information moving about in a system†¦ And it is needed in order to acquire the things we need to live normal, healthy lives. Then, ther e are those who do not even give success a second thought at all. Abraham Moscow, in his model of Hierarchy of Needs indicates that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs ND therefore strive to achieve them. What is the secret to success and is there a formula that fits all? This paper is an addition to the statistics on the volumes of papers, articles and books that have been written on the topic of success with a view to understanding further the quest for man's desire to succeed.Definition of Success As stated above, the word ‘success' has different meanings to people or organizations depending on the desires and goals one wants to achieve. However for the sake of coherence of this paper It Is pertinent to have one or two working definitions. According to the Oxford Dictionary (British and World English) the word success has its origins in the Latin word ‘successes' meaning ‘come close after'. However the English definition of success is as follows: â⠂¬Å"It means the accomplishment of an aim or purpose; the attainment of fame, wealth, etc. Or the good or bad outcome of an undertaking. † Bennett (2006) is more comprehensive in that he has incorporated most of what people think on the subject. He has defined ‘success' as: â€Å"Living your dream every day with passion, having true wealth and knowing that there is more that you need. Learning appreciation, gratitude and positively influencing the lives of others in some way. Achieving true happiness by having loved ones with whom to share it all. † Bennett continues to say that success is a game of chance over which one has control.Triggers for Success Napoleon Hill in Chapter 2 of his book Think and Grow Rich emphasizes on having the burning desire to win as the first step to success and that our limitations are only those set up in our minds. However the desire to win does not Just happen on its own, it is generated from somewhere. Some of the contributing fact ors could be hang, frustration of the status quo, need to feel important, poverty, self improvement and responsibilities, Just to mention a few. In this case the position or circumstance that one is in becomes so unbearable that the only option is to seek or look for something better.A good example would be my own case that after working in the same position for over twenty years I became frustrated and in the spirit of self development I embarked on a Journey to find something more meaningful and that was to enroll for the Bachelor of Business Management & Entrepreneurship aerogramme, with a desire to start my own business after completion of training. How to achieve Success The fact of life is that we have all been given the same time frame, twenty four hours a day.What separates us is how the time is managed (Mark Tannin). It is surprising to note that other people spend most of their time doing favors for others, forgetting their own goals. Even though life is unpredictable, we still plan, set goals and take action in order to fulfill our dreams. It is therefore fair to say that our choices and decisions have made us who we are today. In order to succeed, life needs to be engaged at all levels and indecision or procrastination is merely a postponement of it (Sahara -2011).There is no ‘one formula fits all' in terms of success. This is because the nature of success and the approaches employed to achieve it differ from person to person or organization to organization, for instance how far is one willing to go? Success has to be embedded in the subconscious mind so that habits, beliefs and convictions are reinforced (Bennett, 2006). Since the subconscious mind can be programmed then it is approached with a positive mental attitude in that it becomes a tool for remounting all obstacles in your way. Mr..Them Managerial, Founder and Chief Executive of FED Bank, at the inception of his banking business in the early asses lost in processing fees after his ap plication was rejected by the Reserve Bank of Malawi. He was not deterred by the setback but forged ahead to accomplish his quest and he is now one of the few Mammalians reaping the fruits of hard work, persistence, perseverance and determination. Success is sacrifice in that we give up something of value for something else of higher perceived value and persistence can only be achieved through self discipline (Bennett, 2006).In order to be the best performer one goes through a roller coaster of mistakes and it takes a strong will for success to move on. This is echoed by Bennett when he says that mistakes make us better. Success is practice and it demands devotion and discipline. There are challenges and risks in every quest that one embarks on. This is because we leave our comfort zone in search for something better and sometimes in unknown territory. Here the famous story titled Who Moved My Cheese' by Dry. Spencer Johnson comes to mind.The story is about two little people  œ Hem and Haw, and two little mice – Sniff and Scurry who shared the same heap of cheese in the maze. Once the supply was depleted, the two little mice moved on in search off new heap. However Hem and Haw took a little longer in dealing with the predicament they were in. Eventually Haw decided to do something about the situation by going into other areas of the maze in search of new cheese, but Hem was not amused by this idea and decided to stay at the same station hoping that the cheese would reappear.In the end, for Haw and the two little mice, their hard work paid off and hey enjoyed their discovery of new cheese. Changing with the time enables us to keep the dream alive. In transcending fear we let goof limiting beliefs (Sahara, 2011). Fear is retrogressive to success and it is no wonder that only a few manage to live their dream. We should therefore be flexible and strive to approach each day with enthusiasm embracing whatever changes that come in our way as opportunitie s for growth. One way of gaining confidence is by seeking help and being mentored by experts in the field of interest.Associating with greater people makes one to develop like mind thereby moving in the flow of greatness (Bennett, 2006). Enjoying Success Every dose of happiness is precious and should therefore be well guarded. I believe that this is now the highest level in Abraham Mascots Hierarchy of Needs model – self actualization. However, learning is a life-long process, therefore changing with the time will ensure success in the long run. The desire for continuous self improvement is fuel for motivation. Learning to work steadily in a focused direction is smarter than extreme hard work which may be detrimental to one's health (WhiteDove Books, 2008). Philanthropy is viewed by many a successful people such as Bill and Melinda Gates as a way of giving back to society, thus recognition and status are reinforced. What one can learn from this discussion is that success cann ot Just be assumed and it is not so simple. It requires a complete changed mindset and bracing oneself for the tasks ahead by approaching each level with an open mind and maturity. However, everyone has the opportunity to succeed. For instance, Exxon Mobil Corporation the leader in energy has invested heavily in human resource as its backbone for success.

Conventions of a Successful Quiz Show Essays

Conventions of a Successful Quiz Show Essays Conventions of a Successful Quiz Show Essay Conventions of a Successful Quiz Show Essay A host is one of the main parts in the show, he/she mainly is a celebrity, also mainly popular, who introduces television programmes. With different types/genres of quiz shows, you need a host that will suit that genre. For example if the television quiz show Is a fun, unserious show, the host could be a comedian, or somebody in a comedy film/programme, because they would suit that genre. On the other hand if the television quiz show is serious, the host could be someone who seems serious, for example on The Weakest Link, Anne Robinson suits that kind of show because she seems like a serious woman, and by looking at her, you would find it hard to picture her in a fun show. Having an audience in the studio, could help the atmosphere, by cheering on contestants. Also the audience could be used for voting for an answer if a contestant gets stuck on a question. For example on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? There is help called lifelines, one of these is called ask the audience, this is where the studio audience chooses what they think is the right answer, via keypad (audience response system).  For the set design in quiz shows, it all depends on the genre again. If the genre is fun, there will be bright lighting, upbeat music etc if the genre is serious there will be dark lighting, and low pitch music. Television quiz shows have prizes to encourage the contestants on answering the questions correctly, also encouraging the people to appear in a quiz show. When the questions are starting, which means they will be the easiest the prizes could not be very valuable, or very big, because the contestants are not really putting any effort or using your knowledge enough to win anything big, but as the questions get harder the prizes will become bigger and better, because it will be at the stage where the contestants are using the knowledge to deserve the prize. Having rounds in a quiz show is good because it means that the show will not get boring. The different types of rounds can be for different types of questions, for example a general knowledge round, the questions will be about day to day things, a music round will be about music, a film round will be about films and so on.  Contestants are another main part of the show because without them there will be no one to answer the questions and win the prizes, basically without no contestants there is no show. Contestants can be people from the public, or they could be celebrities, or could be a mixture of both going head to head with each other. Contestants are there to answer questions and win the prizes. Another thing is teams. A team could be made up of how many people they want. Teams could be there instead of one single contestant for example Who wants to be a millionaire?. If shows have teams, they could take it in turns on answering questions. Also if one team has the lowest marks/scores, a person from that team could be chosen to be eliminated.  I think these are all important because they are what make up a quiz show. For example without different types of rounds, or different types of questions the quiz show would be very boring, and if the ratings and viewings decrease, the show will not be able to stay on air. If there was no host, how could the contestants answer questions? Also if there was no prizes, then there is probably no point in doing the quiz show unless the contestants would just do it anyways and not win anything, or they would do it for fun.

How to Pick Essay Topics

How to Pick Essay Topics Read how to choose essay topics that will best match your assignment and interests. How to Pick Proper Essay Topics for College Ok, so you’ve been given an essay writing assignment and were given the freedom of picking the essay topic on your own. At first, the idea of being able to choose any topic you want seemed attractive, but then you got lost in the options, right? This is a common situation. As a rule, it’s happening due to the fact that topic selection process gives you so many options that you can easily get lost in them without a proper approach. This article, therefore, will provide a basic breakdown of a topic selection process. It will not review cases when you have been already given a topic  but will focus solely on situations when you need to pick one. It would be logical to assume that you already know what subject is the essay needs to be written in – if you receive an essay writing assignment in your Literature class, your essay will focus on Literature; a Philosophy class, in turn, will require a paper about some philosopher and so on. Step One: Determine Your Essay Type Before starting to write or even selecting an essay topic, you need to consider what kind of paper you want to have at the end of the writing process. Speaking of essays, there is a whole range of essay subtypes, e.g. argumentative, persuasive, informal etc. Each of the essay subtypes requires a special approach. This article is about various essay types, you might want to check it out while preparing for essay writing: Essay Types Different types of essays may impose different requirements on the essay writing process as well as essay topics selection. For example, an argumentative essay will require that you select a rather controversial topic; otherwise, the reader will find the essay not so interesting to read. A comparative essay, in turn, requires that your essay topics introduce  two items that are going to be compared: pieces of literature, art, schools of thought etc. We have put together a short list of best  argumentative essay topics and compare and contrast essay topics, hope you find some of them useful. Step Two: Brainstorm You won’t go far in writing your essay without actually brainstorming for essay ideas that can be written about. Brainstorming for the possible essay topics can be turned into a quite simple and straightforward process. Before beginning to search for essay ideas, ask yourself a few simple questions within a chosen subject: Within the given subject, what aspects do I like most? (e.g. While selecting topics for a Philosophy paper I feel most attracted to Hegel’s school of thought). Why do you find this topic interesting? (e.g. Because I consider the four concepts of Hegelian Dialectics one of the greatest ideas in Philosophy) Do you have access to literature on the chosen essay topics? (e.g. There’s plenty of information on Hegel’s Dialectics at our local library; there is even more available online). Step Three: What Is Interesting for You? The bottom line is – when selecting a topic for your essay think about those topics that are of most interest to you. This approach ensures that you will have chosen essay topics that inspire you and give you the energy and enthusiasm to work on your paper and complete it successfully. Another point to consider is the availability of information on the topic – if the information is readily available, writing a quality essay would be piece of cake; if it’s not – you might want to look for a different topic. Interesting essay topics require conducting research, analyzing and summarizing the information got during the research. We hope you find these tips for writing topics useful. If, however, you are still struggling to pick an essay topic to write on, our writing professionals are ready to assist you  in accomplishing this task. One of the convenient options we offer our customers is a  free live support. Our support agents will help you in selecting the essay topics. If needed, they can ask our professional writers to come up with essay topics list. You will then have to simply pick one of the offered topics, place your order and wait until the paper is delivered to you. Please feel free to contact our support team at support@ anytime or visit our order page to place your order.

The Meaning of To a T

The Meaning of To a T The Meaning of To a T The Meaning of To a T By Mark Nichol The expression â€Å"to a T,† as in â€Å"That suits you to a T!† is often mistakenly written or said as â€Å"to the T† (or â€Å"to a tee† or â€Å"to the tee†). This type of alteration occurs often in idiomatic phrases (note â€Å"all of the sudden† and â€Å"for all intensive purposes,† among others). In today’s anarchic publishing environment, writers are free to consciously or unconsciously style such phrases however they choose, but careful writers will preserve prevailing norms. But what, exactly, is a â€Å"T†? None of the various proposed origins of â€Å"to a T† is definitive, but only one makes any sense. The opinion that it refers to how well a T-shirt fits is nonsensical: The term for a collarless, short-sleeved shirt is less than a hundred years old, and the expression dates to the late 1600s. That also disqualifies the more plausible theory that it alludes to the precision a T square, the T-shaped drafting tool, enables; the first attested use in print of the tool’s name postdates the first use of the phrase by nearly a century. And is has nothing to do with the golf implement known as the tee, which has always been spelled as such (though the spelling error â€Å"to a tee† goes back hundreds of years). Most likely, the phrase is descended from the expression â€Å"to a tittle.† A tittle is a small mark used in orthographic details, such as the dot over an i or a j or a diacritical mark such as an accent mark, and the sense is â€Å"to the smallest detail.† But why isn’t the expression styled â€Å"to a t†? That’s because uppercase letters are the default setting when using a letter to represent something. Report cards have As and Bs (but, the recipient hopes, no other capital letters), the force of gravity is expressed as a multiple of Gs (the capital letter is the scientific symbol for gravity), and X, not x, marks the spot. (We also use uppercase letters such as S and V to denote shapes- though, like X as a location marker and the other uses referred to above, they should not be italicized in those contexts, because they do not literally represent letters.) There are a couple of exceptions: The context of â€Å"Dot your i’s and cross your t’s† and â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s†- if one accepts the contested interpretation that the latter originally referred to easily confused letters- requires lowercase letters. Does teetotaler have any connection? The word for someone who abstains from alcohol goes back nearly two centuries but originally referred merely to intensification of one’s feelings about being totally devoted to something, with tee attached as a form of reduplication. But as the differing spelling indicates, this word has nothing in common with the expression â€Å"to a T.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know44 Resume Writing TipsPreposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Federalists v. AntiFederalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federalists v. AntiFederalists - Essay Example It should also be noted that a main precursor to the proposed federalism was the ratification of the constitution as spelled out in the so-called Articles of the Confederation. For the proposed constitution to be ratified it was required that all thirteen member states were to express their consent through ratification from elected representatives from the states concerned. It was no secret to the delegates working on the new constitution that achieving this consensus is certainly an up hill task taking into account the level of economic, social and political polarization that had characterized the nation following the heels of the revolutionary civil war. The most credible alternative that would usher in progress in the ratification process in the phase of the potential deadlock that could was seen in what can be described as crafty means of bending through the hill as proposed and implemented by the delegates. It was agreed that the proposed constitution could still be implemented granted nine out of the thirteen member states ratified the constitution. ... ts of federalism did also caution that the failure of some member states to ratify the constitution should not be utterly dismissed with a relegation to isolation bearing in mind that the lack of a universal consensus in the ratification process should not be misconstrued for a potentially smooth sailing experience for the nine ratified states. It was on this premise that the federalist marshaled all their available resources together in a campaign geared at winning the federalism debate. The dividing factor in the constitutional debate became so charged and acrimonious that neither the federalists nor the anti-federalist were willing to cede considerable grounds in the debate. Eventually, the federalists school of thought won the debate resulting in the complete ratification of the constitution by all nine states in the federation; thanks largely to the strong and active propaganda machinery of the federalist school of thought. Besides the question of the ratification of the constitution the federalists and the anti-federalists were divided on a broad stream of other policies that had to do with the emerging questions of statehood, rights of citizens and a host of others. Suffice to cite a few illustrations to buttress the foregoing assertion. For instance, the bloc that stood opposed to federalism preferred a lesser role to be assigned to the central government in the management of the affairs of the state and its citizens, in contrast to the strong central government role as requested by the federalist politicians. In denouncing central government dominance, anti-federalism called for a more developed legislative base at the state level. Meanwhile, both opponents and proponents of federalism did however express a common need to disband the Articles of

The ableist conflation by Joel Reynolds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The ableist conflation by Joel Reynolds - Essay Example As many groups have done, disabled people have been engaged in what Anspach calls â€Å"identity politics†; politics that endeavor not only to change society’s conception and response to disabled people, but also to change the self-concepts of disabled people themselves. The work of disabled people in changing how they think about themselves continues, as the disability community struggles for self-definition and self-determination, as well as for civil rights. One of the most important problems facing the political struggle of people with disabilities is the necessity of developing a positive sense of identity. The very idea of a positive disability identity flies in the face of long-standing social â€Å"wisdom† about disability. The reason for this lies in the cultural beliefs about disability that have determined the status and perceptions of disabled people in our society today. Historically, disabled people were viewed as social and moral deviants, violations of the natural and cosmic order of the universe (Reynold, J). The response to such â€Å"deviance† was to protect society by separating disabled people from society in asylums, jails, basements, attics, etc. Disabled people were not considered fully human, had no role in society, and no basis for a positive social identity The theories of psychosocial identity development in onset disability, particularly minority identity development, provide a useful framework for exploring the concept of disability identity development as a minority culture phenomenon. Within the literature of identity development, few theorists have explicitly addressed the issue of disability, yet the models provide fertile ground for exploration. In contrast, an extensive body of rehabilitation literature exists that is grounded in the medical view of disability that has generated research findings that support and reinforce a medical

Censorship of Textbooks in Public Schools Essay

Censorship of Textbooks in Public Schools - Essay Example Indeed, while it is perhaps a precaution to protect a child from violent images, it becomes counterproductive to protect students from educational facts that exist only to enhance their learning experiences. The greatest argument for book censorship is the fact that children should not be subjected to certain topics. Some people even go as far as to say that there are some topics that a person of any age should not be aware of (Edwards 29). School and public libraries, and even many bookstores and distributors do not carry certain books, or else put them in a section that warns potential buyers that the books contain material that is considered censor-worthy. Books ranging from The Catcher in the Rye to the beloved Harry Potter series have found themselves victims of censorship; J.D. Salinger’s acclaimed novel for its adult subject matter, and J.K. Rowling’s masterpiece due to its magical, imaginative content. In response to this argument, those against censorship feel that it should be up to a parent to decide what their children should or should not be reading. For older children and teenagers, the choice should be their own. People on the outside of a family, like school teachers or librarians, should not be influencing a child’s taste in reading because it prevents them from exploring the world through books. In regard to the censoring of textbooks, parents find it ridiculous that facts should be considered horrid enough that others have found a need to censor them at all (Sherrow 15). Information provided to students in a school setting, controlled by a teacher and a textbook, can hardly be considered dangerous to the students. When a subject is being taught in schools, it is due to the fact that the subject serves a purpose, whether as simply knowledge or to help further a child’s education. If certain information is being censored, children are being denied vital intelligence; in many cases, children are given false informatio n to make up for the lack of truth (Kravitz 147). This causes students to be misinformed, which can bring about negative impacts years down the road, like when the students are preparing for higher education. If the information they learned during their time in public schools is incorrect or else missing, these students risk falling further behind in their later studies. It should not be up to a teacher or school administration if a topic should not be covered by the school. Textbooks are written based on grade and age level, providing information that specific age groups should be taught (Brown 82). If these books pass approval as textbooks for public schools, then, upon being bought, they should be entirely implemented in the classroom. Unless the information presented in the textbook is inaccurate, there is no reason that the textbooks should be censored. They are not providing students with dangerous information or ideas, nor are they presenting students with lies or false facts . They serve the purpose of teaching children vital information. Censoring school textbooks have more negative effects than positive. In fact, many textbook writers and teachers alike are unable to find any positive effects of censoring textbooks.

Leishmaniasis Disease Emergence and Re-emergence Analysis Essay

Leishmaniasis Disease Emergence and Re-emergence Analysis - Essay Example In the previous decade, endemic areas have extended, occurrence increased and the substantial unrecorded cases of the disease identified. Leshmaniasis is one of the most significant human vector-borne disorders. Leishmania parasite causes nodules and skin ulcers to individuals. Numerous Leishmania parasites can have an effect on mucous membranes of an individual and may cause nose disfiguration (Ashfold & Bettini, 1987). In addition, other leishmania species may harm the internal body organs of an individual. According to a report by Ready (2010), dogs are the most significant domestic animals in epidemiology of Leishmaniasis. This is because dogs are reservoir hosts for L. Infantum, a significant organism in human visceral Leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is caused by species of leishmania, a protozoan that belongs to the family of Trypanosomatidae. Leishmania genera are divided into two subdivisions that are Leishmania and viannia. These two different types of parasites live and multip ly in the digestive tract of causative agent. The difference between the two sub divisions lies in where they multiply in the digestive system of the causative agent. Human leishmanisis is caused by leishmania which is transmitted between individuals who are reservoir hosts. ... In this regard, the activity of the sand flies intensifies at dawn, dusk and at night when perturbed in their hiding places. Sand flies are always attracted by light at night and enter buildings at night, bite people and cause the spread of Leishmaniasis. Leshmania parasite may also be transmitted by canine fleas and ticks (Ashfold & Bettini, 1987). Ticks are most importantly used to transmit the parasite between dogs. Presently, sand fly transmission seems to have reduced due to the effects of global warming. Global warming has brought changes in the climate which has caused hot regions to be hotter and cold regions to be colder. This change in climate has adversely affected the activities of sand flies whose activities are high when it is cool, humid and fewer rains. Present transmission seems to be done by mammals that can traverse the harsh climatic conditions. Leishmaniasis disease was initially termed as a disease of the rural areas. Presently, large outbreaks have been reporte d in large cities across the world because of encouraging epidemiological conditions linked to the reduction of natural ecological space of the vectors due to droughts, deforestation due to population growth and famine which are effects of climate change (World Health Oragnization, 2009). Mammals can remain infected with Leishmania for long and can still infect with the parasite even after clinical cure. Infected mammals can in turn transmit the parasite to sand flies. Presently, the parasites have been transmitted to people through blood transfusions in dogs and people (Ready, 2010). Leishmaniasis may also be caused by l. infantum which can be transmitted through saliva, semen, urine and conjunctiva secretions and blood. In the contemporary world, the

Waitrose Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waitrose Strategic Analysis - Essay Example Integrity and transparency is also found to be crucial in the strategic planning of Waitrose. The vision of Waitrose in implementing its strategic operations is concentrated on generating value for its employees and also for its other stakeholders by rendering due significance to transparency and integrity in its business operations. In its vision statement, the company also states that employees are treated to be the owners of Waitrose where due consideration is provided towards their inclusion in the decision making process (Waitrose, 2013). In its mission statement, Waitrose further emphasises to create a difference by rendering quality assurance to its customers generating greater brand value in its targeted market. In its mission, the company also intends to work in partnership with large brands in the industry. To be precise, creating a healthy competitive environment and through better resource allocation, the company intends to deliver its services to its customers through effective pricing which secures its organisational interests as well as the interests of its stakeholders (Waitrose, 2013). Waitrose, 2013. The Waitrose Difference. About Waitrose. [Online] Available at: http://www.waitrose.com/content/waitrose/en/home/about_waitrose/our_company/the_waitrose_difference.html [Accessed March 04,

Homework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Homework - Research Paper Example ‘Government Study of Marijuana Sees Medical Benefits’ by Strolberg presents a research directed by the government in a bid to understand the effects of marijuana on humans. In this regard, the research outcome indicated that marijuana is very beneficial when used carefully under close supervision. In this regard, it is pointed out that some of the current medication do not contain some elements such as cannabinoids, which has very high medicinal value. Moreover, the article pinpoints that there is no probability of the use of marijuana by persons who use it for medical purposes later in life. In addition, the article points out that there is no link between the use of marijuana and other hard drugs; use of marijuana does not lead to the use of hard drugs later in life. Since there has been regulations restricting the use of marijuana, the fact that the research was directed by the government, and found results that indicated the merits derived from medicinal marijuana, t hen the outcome was observed as a big blow to the current regulation. The second article, ‘Legalizing of Marijuana Raises Health Concerns’ by Rabin, Roni present an issue on legislation on the use of marijuana for recreation purposes by various states in the United states of America. In this regard, the two articles addresses the issue of legislation of marijuana, which might lead to an increase in the number of people using the drug. In addition, the two article agrees that the use of marijuana with no supervision might have negative effect on the health of the consumers; â€Å"Increased potency may be having unforeseen consequences. The human brain’s cannabinoid receptors are typically activated by naturally occurring chemicals in the body called endocannabinoids, which are similar to THC. It is revealed that, there is a high density of cannabinoid receptors in parts of the brain that affect pleasure, memory and concentration. Some research suggests that these areas continue to be affected by marijuana use even after the â€Å"high† dissipates† ( Rabin, 2013 para 8) and â€Å"Marijuana smoke, they said, is even more toxic than tobacco smoke, and can cause cancer, lung damage and complications during pregnancy† (Strolberg 1999, para 9). According to Reni’s findings, teenagers are more vulnerable to additions, especially those that begin the smoking habits at a tender age get exposed to higher risks because young people who staring smoking early tend to smoke more and often. According to Roni’s records, researchers have pointed that users that develop such additions cannot quit and even when they quit, some negative impacts affect them greatly. This is because withdrawal symptoms; lack of appetite, mood swings, depression, anxiety, troubled sleep, and irritability revolves around their life. This becomes difficult for them to bear and many of them go back into smoking to gain energy and overcome the sympto ms. Such young people end up unproductive and thus, it qualifies the in posing of such regulations that government use of the drug. In some states, regulations have been passed to try to control the age at which legal marijuana can be used. For instance, in Washington, only adults aged twenty-one and above are allowed legally to use the drug for creational purposes. On the other hand, experts have different views about marijuana because the stigma associate with it has slowly eroded away and more and more

Waitrose Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waitrose Strategic Analysis - Essay Example Integrity and transparency is also found to be crucial in the strategic planning of Waitrose. The vision of Waitrose in implementing its strategic operations is concentrated on generating value for its employees and also for its other stakeholders by rendering due significance to transparency and integrity in its business operations. In its vision statement, the company also states that employees are treated to be the owners of Waitrose where due consideration is provided towards their inclusion in the decision making process (Waitrose, 2013). In its mission statement, Waitrose further emphasises to create a difference by rendering quality assurance to its customers generating greater brand value in its targeted market. In its mission, the company also intends to work in partnership with large brands in the industry. To be precise, creating a healthy competitive environment and through better resource allocation, the company intends to deliver its services to its customers through effective pricing which secures its organisational interests as well as the interests of its stakeholders (Waitrose, 2013). Waitrose, 2013. The Waitrose Difference. About Waitrose. [Online] Available at: http://www.waitrose.com/content/waitrose/en/home/about_waitrose/our_company/the_waitrose_difference.html [Accessed March 04,

Concept of Compounding DQ2 Positive NPV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Concept of Compounding DQ2 Positive NPV - Essay Example d amount of money or an expected cash flow; for instance if a person has $500 that money will be worth less in the future because money depreciates due to the effect of inflation. Based on the time value of money present value table $500 discounted at 3% will be worth $431.30 five years from now (Besley & Brigham, 2000). The NPV value technique is often used by managers when making decisions regarding capital projects. A project should only be accepted if its NPV is above cero (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). A positive net present value is the desirable outcome. When the NPV is negative a project should be rejected because a company would lose money by accepting such a project. The process to calculate net present value involves the use of present value tables to find the factoring factor. Another way to calculate the present value of an amount of money is by using financial calculators. Graphic calculators such as the Ti-89 titanium have integrated financial calculators in its systems which are very easy to use. The discounting rate a company uses depends on the risk the company is willing to take. Some companies require a higher discounting rate than others due to the industry in which they

Lebanons History, Culture and Diversity

Lebanons History, Culture and Diversity Some people migrate to the United States and just forget their home country. They find their way to assimilate in the American mainstream. However for me, even though Ive been in the U.S. since birth but I would still be pleasured to write on most of the things that I really would feel interested about; Lebanon. Modern-day Lebanon is like a mosaic, characterized by a diversity of cultures, traditions, and religions. Because of its location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa; Lebanon has been shaped by many civilizations throughout its long history. These diverse influences are evident in the extraordinary richness of the countrys archaeological sites. From Stone Age settlements to Phoenician city-states, from Roman temples to rock-cut Christian hermitages, from Crusader Castles to Mamluk mosques and Ottoman Hammams (traditional clubs that include sauna, Jacuzzi, and steam rooms), the countrys historical sites are a true encyclopedia of ancient and modern world history. Modern Lebanese society is characterized by this same cultural and architectural diversity. As you walk the streets of downtown Beirut, you will pass domed mosques and steeple churches, French cafes and Arab Souqs (traditional markets). Cultural diversity is reflected in language, cuisine, the arts, and the countrys religious heritages Sunni, Shiia Muslims, and Druze; Maronite, Eastern Orthodox and other Christians; and many others (Helena 72). A visit to any of Lebanons ancient archeological ruins, traditional villages, or religious sites will truly give you a taste of the cultural mosaic of this captivating country. Lebanon is an ancient land that has embraced two of the worlds major religions, Christianity and Islam. Lebanons Christian heritage can be traced back to the Old Testament (Collelo 45). The Bible mentions the land of Lebanon on 70 occasions, and the famed Cedars of Lebanon are frequently cited as a symbol of beauty and strength. In addition to the many Biblical sites located in southern Lebanon, the Qadisha Valley, also known as the Holy Valley, reveals a wealth of hidden, rock-cut monasteries, grottoes, and sacred sites from the earliest days of Christianity. On the other hand, Lebanons Muslim heritage can be traced to the 7th century AD, when Islam was introduced by the Umayyad caliphate from the Arabian Peninsula. The Umayyad dynasty was the first of two major Muslim dynasties following the prophet Mohammed. The Umayyads and their successors, the Abbasids, ushered in a rich period of Islamic art, architecture, learning, and culture, and this tradition continues to flourish today. There are numerous mosques and spiritual places from the Sunni, Shiite Muslim traditions throughout the country. An ancient land, Lebanon features prominently in writings from the Old Testament to the History of Herodotus (440 BC). Its cities were major Mediterranean outposts and seaports in Phoenician, Greek, Roman, and Umayyad times. Consequently, the Lebanese countryside is awash with majestic and historically fascinating ruins. Five of the most outstanding sites Aanjar, Baalbeck, Byblos, Tyre, and the Qadisha Valley/Cedars Forest are listed as UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. To explore Lebanon is to discover archaeological wonders that are windows into the cradle of civilization. Believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, the picturesque seaside city of Byblos is built upon multiple layers of ruins, dating back to as early as the Stone Age (5,000 BC). The kings of Byblos from the Phoenician period are buried in nine underground tombs in the royal necropolis. Columns lining the main thoroughfare, a theater, and a public fountain are among the architectural contributions left by the Romans. The Crusaders built their castle and a moat upon large Roman stones. Later, the castle was renovated and reused by the Mamluks and then the Ottomans. Lebanons official language is Arabic, but French, Armenian, and English are also widely spoken. Many Lebanese in fact speak a patois of some combination of these four languages, most commonly an Arabic-French mixture. Virtually all Lebanese are bilingual. Spoken Arabic is one part of a grouping of dialects called Levantine Arabic, differing greatly from the literary Modern Standard Arabic. It is a fusion between Syriac and Arabic, as well as some Turkish and thus in this respect can be more correctly classified as a language from Arabic, albeit very similar due to its relationship on the tree of Semitic languages. Regional influences and occupations throughout the centuries could possibly explain the reason why Lebanese people speak so many languages, even incorporating them into their own. Due to the importance of the Lebanese Diaspora and business interests of Lebanese worldwide, it has always been important to master languages other than Arabic. Lebanese music is known around the world for its soothing rhythms and wild beats. Traditional and folk music are extremely popular as are western rhythms. Perhaps the best-known and listened to Lebanese singer is Fairuz. Her songs are broadcast every morning on most radio stations and many TV channels, both in Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East and the Arab world in general. Other artists are also well known and loved like Majida El Roumi, Marcel Khalife who is also a composer, Oud player, and Julia Boutros. Over the ages, skilled Lebanese artisans have perfected the art of creating beautiful blown glass, jewelry, inlaid and engraved wooden boxes and furniture, textiles, and linens. The colorful, blown-glass decanters, water carafes, and glasses particular to Lebanon date back to Phoenician times. Wood workers carve intricately designed boxes and furniture and inlay them with mother-of-pearl or small pieces of wood. Traditional olive oil soap, increasingly popular here in the west, comes from traditional small factories that make this soup from the olive trees of Lebanon to be entirely natural, pure, and moisturizing. Lebanons primary religious groups, very roughly, are Shia Muslim (the largest group), Sunni Muslim, Christian, and Druze. Muslims represent roughly 60% of the total population, while Christians make up the other 40%. Of the muslims, the predominant Shia make up 60%, while the Sunni make up most of the remainder. Druze and Alawis are minorities. The division of political power between the religious groups is an interesting problem. The Lebanese have solved this by making different high ranking government positions represented by the different religious groups. The President must be Catholic, the Prime Minister must be Sunni, and the Speaker of the Parliament must be Shia. Some Lebanese nationals, particularly some Christians, tend to emphasize aspects of Lebanons non-Arab history as a mark of respect to encompass all of Lebanons historical makeup instead of only that which began during the Arab conquests, an attitude that prevails in the rest of the Arab world. In this respect, it would be wrong to dismiss Lebanons mosaic culture as merely Arab when it is clear that it is a blend of indigenous and invading or foreign cultures that have given it the title of the crossroads between east and west for centuries. This picture is seen most clearly in Lebanon, a land of complete contrasts and a land that cannot be defined by one culture alone, except if one were to bring them altogether and classify them as Lebanese. In a concession to Lebanons Eastern and Western heritage, some Lebanese prefer to see Lebanon as part of Mediterranean or Levantine civilization, neither Arab nor European. Everyone born and raised in Lebanon communicates using Arabic in a Leban ese dialect. This applies to its Islamic, Christian, Druze, and other religious practices. Language, food, music, arts and various cultural facets are local Lebanese and performed practically all in Arabic. The youth today are quite westernized and modernized breaking away with traditions like most other larger cities in the world (dating, western music, food, etc.) Compared to other Arab cities, Lebanese cities (especially Beirut) are more westernized and tolerant, and overt towards men-women relations than most Arab cities, like Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad Like other areas of the Middle East, Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. Lebanon has an Arab culture colored by Western influences. As some Lebanese proudly say about their tiny country, Lebanon is small in size but huge in its influence.

Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

Over 50 years ago, an author named J.D. Salinger wrote one of the best novels that I have ever read. This story is entitled, The Catcher in the Rye. The Catcher in the Rye is an excellent story narrated by the main character, Holden Caulfield. Holden is a confused 16 year old, who is struggling to find himself. He is a very cynical and hypocritical young man. Throughout the entire story, Holden points out all of the flaws of every person he is associated with, and actually says that he dislikes almost every one of them. The funny thing about that fact is that, after you have finished the book, you realize that Holden possesses similar qualities to all the people that he claims to hate, and you also realize that this is quite possibly the reason that he does in fact hate each of them, because I believe that Holden is dissatisfied with himself. The Catcher in the Rye begins with Holden Caulfield telling the story from a medical facility of some sort that he has been sent to, to recover from an illness or breakdown. He refuses to talk about his early life, but tells the story of when he broke down, beginning with his expulsion from a famous Prep School in Pennsylvania. At Pencey Prep, Holden fails four of his five classes, and is expelled due to grades before winter break. Knowing that they are his last days, Holden makes the best of it by going to the movies, which he claims to hate. I chose to talk about that particular event, because this is one of the many things that Holden claims to hate, but throughout the entire story, he goes to movies, and makes connections to them. Holden doesn’t want to go back home to New York with the news of his school status, for fear of what his parents will do, seeing as how this was the fourth school he has been enrolled in. Holden is then sparked to leave early because his roommate, who is one of the only sexually experienced boys at Pencey, is taking out a girl named Jane, who Holden is in love with. Because of this event Holden leaves for New York early, deciding that he will go to New York and stay in a Hotel for a few days before arriving at home. Now this is when the story actually begins to take form.

An Examination of Deontology and Utilitarianism in Deeply Moral Situati

An Examination of Deontology and Utilitarianism in Deeply Moral Situations Samuel Adams (1722 - 1803), an American patriot and politician, once stated, "Mankind are governed more by their feelings than by reason"[1]. This statement is significant, as it undermines two of the primary ethical doctrines in philosophy - the deontological perspective defended by Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) in Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (634), and utilitarianism, supported by John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873) in his essay, Utilitarianism (667). Deontology and utilitarianism are contrasting theories. The former focuses on the intrinsic moral worth of our actions, whereas the latter argues that the consequences of our actions determine their moral value. Nevertheless, both perspectives substantiate Mill's claim that "our moral faculty.is a branch of our reason, not of our sensitive faculty" (678). Reason is an indispensable aspect of Kant's deontological view, as he believes the will is a capacity unique to rational beings. In Kant's opinion, the will is ess ential, as it facilitates our ability to act according to the universalizable maxims we establish for ourselves (653). Reason is also a crucial element of utilitarianism, as it is the intellectual faculty that enables us to distinguish the course of action with the best possible outcome (i.e., the choice that will ensure the greatest happiness or least amount of pain for as many people as possible) (688). However, since both deontology and utilitarianism are governed by the notion that moral judgements are established through reason, can either theory apply in circumstances in which rational thought is not feasible? For example, during World War II, a Nazi soldier offers a ... ...the least possible amount of pain). As a result, the subjective emotional component that invariably arises in situations of moral import reinforces the difficulty in ascribing concrete rules and principles to circumstances that involve moral deliberation. All that can be shown is that the woman's final decision may seemingly correspond to either deontology or utilitarianism in hindsight; however, her unavoidable emotional anguish hinders her ability to think rationally in terms of either perspective at the time in which she is forced to make her decision. Work Cited Bailey, Andrew, ed. First Philosophy: Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy. 1st ed. Toronto: Broadview Press, 2002. Notes: [1] Steven J. Hayes. Quotes by Adams, Samuel from Basic Quotations. 16 Dec. 2002. Online. 15 Feb. 2004 .

Lada de Brasil Case

Lado do Brazil is struggling to remain a profitable importer of cars in the Brazilian market. To remain profitable LDB needs to increase its sales and maintain its efficient cost structure. The recession, regulatory uncertainty, and increased competition are all factors that are reducing and threatening the sales and profitability of the company. In order to counter these threats and increase sales, LDB needs a more aggressive sales strategy, needs to continue to leverage its existing relationships with dealers, local parts manufacturers, and the local government, and should solely focus on being a low cost provider.This should allow LDB to maintain profitability throughout the recession, and continue to be the import leader in a growing and underserved Brazilian auto market. Although the relationship with the Russian auto supplier (VAZ) is not the primary focus of our analysis, it is important to note that VAZ is in the midst of an uncertain economic and political period. Their abil ity to provide LDB with cars could be jeopardized, thus, a contingency plan is essential. LDB should explore partnerships with other automakers, Toyota or Hyundai. CURRENT CHALLENGES The most pressing challenge faced by Lada is declining sales.In the second half of the year, sales declined consistently. LDB’s market share declined in Q4, indicating its competitive edge is diminishing. Mitigation of the challenges below is imperative. Market The Regulatory Environment   is a hindrance to our price competitiveness and profitability. The primary issues are high tariffs and potential price freezes, but constantly changing rules (ex. tax exceptions, rate changes) threaten our competitiveness. High inflation and Foreign exchange risk are both consistent threats to our ability to compete in Brazil.High inflation leads to constant re-pricing and decreases the availability of financing. It also leads to cruzerio devaluation relative to the dollar and has caused us to lose money on o therwise profitable sales in the past (taxis). Increased price competitiveness of the market is also of concern. Domestic producers have recently agreed to cut prices in exchange for tax breaks, and there is speculation of new low cost cars entering the market. Internal Parent Supply As the USSR transitions away from Communist rule to a free market economy, VAZ becomes unable to serve its demands for domestic and foreign supply.The ability of VAZ to provide LDB with cars at a competitive price is at risk. In addition, theres are speculations that Fiat will purchase a 30% stake in VAZ, increasing uncertainty of the future of LDB’s parent company. RECOMMENDATION By enhancing sales strategies as outlined below, and by taking steps to protect our price advantage, sales should increase and we will retain our position as a price leader. Sales Strategies Refine Product Offering LDB’s value proposition is selling low cost vehicles. The higher priced Samara has consistently sol d poorly and dilutes LDB’s brand.LDB should phase out the Samara in favor of the Laika and Niva. The Laika has been the best seller and should continue to be popular as a cost conscious choice. The Niva’s strong summer sales, coupled with the less competitive S. U. V. market suggests that the Niva is the best opportunity for sales growth. Increase Direct Sales LDB should expand the direct import program. The elimination of a middle man is advantageous because it reduces consumer prices and can increase LDB’s profitability. Implement â€Å"Just-in-time Delivery†To reduce dealer price risks and to incentivize dealers to sell more Ladas, LDB should leverage their bonded warehouse by executing a policy of â€Å"Just-in-time Delivery† of the cars. Instead of requiring dealers to front capital and use inventory space, they hold a minimum inventory and could purchase cars as needed knowing LDB would deliver promptly. This helps eliminate currency risk bec ause money and cars are exchanged simultaneously. Argentina The pact between Brazil and Argentina offers LDB the opportunity to increase sales by selling cars in Argentina without additional tariffs.If the local market continues to stagnate, this could be an alternative market. Supplier Strategy The supplier, VAZ, is operating in an uncertain economic environment and is experiencing difficulties meeting production. To mitigate this risk, LDB should consider partnerships with Hyundai or Toyota. These firm are both low cost manufacturers with an interest in the Brazilian market that would allow us to continue our import business in Brazil. ALTERNATIVES In the process of reaching the stated recommendations, alternative options were considered.To increase sales, LDB could partner with a local bank to offer financing directly to consumers. This makes our car more accessible to consumers that don’t have the assets to purchase outright. Although we believe this would be an excellent opportunity to increase sales, financing is not a core competency of LDB, and finding a banking partner could prove difficult. An additional alternative would be to sell a more upscale car to cater to a demographic that has higher income, resulting in higher margins. Mercedes is fifth in production displaying that there is an available niche market with few competitors.However, the higher-priced cars are contradictory to LDB’s value proposition and dilute the brand message as the lowest priced car on the market. Unlike Mercedes, Lada is not associated with luxury and prestige. LDB could increase its total demand by engaging in contracts to supply cars to the Brazilian government and large institutions. Due to experience with secondary sales platforms, LDB would be able to navigate relations outside of traditional dealer relations. The volume of the negotiated contracts would also allow for substantial discounts of 25% or more.However, in a recession, institutions are unlikel y to engage in financial commitments, even though our car is the lowest priced. This option may be feasible under more economically prosperous times when firms are actively expanding. CONCLUSION To increase sales and overall profitability in the current market environment in Brazil, LDB should refine its product mix to better fit the domestic demand. Additionally, LDB should further penetrate the market by focusing on building long-term relations with dealers and expanding to sell directly to consumers without access to dealers. While focusing on increasing market hare, LDB should diversify its supply channels to mitigate the risk of VAZ being unable to supply cars at a competitive price. While mitigating the risks in the short-term, these strategies position LDB for long-term success. 1. Figure 3 Figure 3 LDB ’s Business Process LDB ’s Business Process 2 . 2 . Daily . Daily . 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 4 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 1 . 1 . Direct Sales 1. Consumers contact the dealer and purc hase the car in full at a 20% discount. 2. LDB sends the car to the consumer directly. 3. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Direct Sales 4. Consumers contact the dealer and purchase the car in full at a 20% discount. . LDB sends the car to the consumer directly. 6. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Dealer Sales 1. Dealers sell the cars to the consumers using our demo cars. 2. Consumers pay the dealer in Cr. 3. Dealers pay LDB in Cr. 4. LDB sends the cars to the dealers. (Just in time delivery) 5. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk Dealer Sales 6. Dealers sell the cars to the consumers using our demo cars. 7. Consumers pay the dealer in Cr. 8. Dealers pay LDB in Cr. 9. LDB sends the cars to the dealers. (Just in time delivery) 10. LDB exchanges Cr into USD daily to avoid currency risk

Self development and attaining my SMART goals

I have a dream. I see myself as the main HR strategian of a universe renowned media company or a top HRD consultancy. Sound academic apprehension of HR is a precedence developmental demand, as highlighted in â€Å" 11 Qualities of Effective Directors † Pedler et Al. ( 2006 ) . I am from Pakistan and am remaining in the UK for my married woman ‘s PhD. Using this as an chance I have enrolled on the MSc. HRD & A ; Consultancy class. Different larning manner appraisals helped border my apprehension of myself as a learner/manager. My learning manner is Tactile/Kinaesthetic harmonizing to Jester ( 2000 ) . I view my calling as an chance to accomplish meaningful aims in a larger context. Here Schein ‘s ( 2006 ) appraisal sees strength: SV/Dedicated to Cause. I qualify as Directive on the Rowe ( 1987 ) Inventory and on Belbin ‘s ( 1981 ) I am an Implementer, Team-worker and Monitor/Evaluator. A Reflector on Honey Mumford ( 1986 ) appraisal, my personality type/signat ure on Personal Style Inventory Hogan and Champagne ( 1980 ) is ESTJ ( Extrovert, Sensing, Thinker, Judger – Stabilizer ) , whereas I am the Confronting Owl on the Conflict Questionnaire Thomas & A ; Kilmann ( 2007, 1974 ) . An illustration linking and specifying most of the above findings may be that I want to do a difference by inventing and implementing HR schemes which have a lasting impact on employee well-being [ dedication to do ] . With aims like this, I like to be at the helm of personal businesss, preferring full liberty and control over the state of affairs [ directing ] . This brings independency to form and travel things at the needed yet desired gait and affords me clip to believe things through, listen to everybody before make up one's minding and carefully see results before reasoning [ reflector ] . I love to be involved in community activities. Persevering, realistic, practical, loyal, steadfast, logical, are keywords for depicting me [ ESTJ ] . However, my calling programs are under menace as I face redundancy at work. My married woman is anticipating a babe so I may hold to either postpone the grade or axial rotation back wholly due to pecuniary solvency issues. This write-up critically reviews consequences of assorted larning manners appraisals and derives a Personal Development Plan holding with the averment that persons are responsible for their calling development and non merely organisations CIPD ( 2010, 2003 ) . It suggests possible ways for self-development and achieving my Smart ends. Guidance is provided on get the better ofing failings to understate and forestall current and future menaces. I can non and make non govern out the possibility of this being revised as my calling evolves in future ( possibly 5-10 old ages ) .Career history, Life state of affairss, Overall intent of planIntroductionI started my calling as HR/Admin Officer working for an NGO after finishing M.A. in English from Pakistan. The experience proved to b e the diving deck to the field of HR. After 4 old ages in the function, I joined as Senior HR Officer at GEO TV Network, one of Pakistan ‘s prima intelligence channels. A twelvemonth subsequently I moved to London when my married woman was awarded a scholarship for PhD. At present, I am free-lancing at one of UK ‘s taking messenger companies as Training Support Co-ordinator. My married woman is anticipating a babe and I may confront redundancy. My grade in English was my male parent ‘s pick and since the really start of my calling in HR, I felt the demand of complementary formal instruction. Thus, I had two aims: foremost, geting a sound understanding on academic degree ; 2nd, heightening professional competency, personal/self development. Bing in London has helped as I have enrolled for a specialist grade in HR. Developing a personal development program is an exercising in forming oneself, placing development demands, and puting precedences. The really first positive consequence of this exercising I noticed was that I learned how non to prioritize and discovered that I could ever utilize the PDP as a tool/meter to maintain a cheque on personal development. I can see that the PDP will function as my usher towards developing a ‘resilient sense of personal efficaciousness ‘ ( Bandura, 1994: 72 ) .Self-description & A ; AnalysisI want to go on my calling in HR. Miles and Snow ( 1996: 97 ) following Arthur et Al. ( 1989 ) see calling as â€Å" the germinating sequence of a individual ‘s work experiences over clip. † At present I am working as Training Support Co-ordinator at a company ‘s Technical section. However, I am looking to exchange back to HR every bit shortly as I get a HR related occupation. Given that I was Senior HR Officer before traveling to London, in my new occupation i.e. in the UK, I expect to be at least on the same place if non an associate director or director. If, nevertheless, I have to travel back to Pakistan, I will fall in my parent organisation GEO TV Network and continue with my programs. Between the following 5-10 old ages I plan to concentrate on developing expertness in strategic decision-making and policy preparation. I aim to work my manner to accomplishing a top place e.g. Director HR in a prima company like Reuters. It is the sense of fulfillment and effectivity that I am seeking. Effective callings net income persons, organisations, and society, notes Wilensky ( 1961 ; cited in Miles and Snow, 1996 ) . Earning sufficient expertness while traveling step-wise up the calling ladder, I will guarantee that I have sound apprehension of and experience in functions like ‘partner in scheme executing, administrative expert, employee title-holder, and alteration agent ‘ Ulrich ( 1998 ) .Learning/Development Needs AnalysisIdentifying larning manner is polar to developing a PDP. Learning Manners can be identified by taking learning manners appraisals which highlight learning/development demands, placing nucleus competences and strengths and observing spreads. Table 1 on the following page shows consequences from assorted appraisals. Learning Style, Keefe ( 1979:2 ) is a â€Å" complex of characteristic cognitive, affectional, and physiological factors that serve as comparatively stable indexs of how a scholar perceives, interacts with, and responds to the acquisition environment. † While with Stewart and Felicetti ( 1992:1 ) acquisition manners are â€Å" educational conditions under which a pupil is most likely to larn. † Therefore, larning manner is non about â€Å" what † is learned, instead â€Å" how † it is learned.Table 1: Learning/Development Needs AnalysisThere is greater consistence in the concluding consequences of the analysis than in-consistency. Sound academic apprehension of HR is a precedence developmental demand, as highlighted in â€Å" 11 Qualities of Effective Directors † Pedler et Al. ( 2006 ) . In consonant rhyme with my purpose of heading the HR section of a celebrated company, this questionnaire assesses most of the qualities likely to be needed to accomplish my purpose. As the rubric suggests, the questionnaire seems designed for on-job professionals.11 Qualities of Effective DirectorsCommand of basic facts Relevant professional cognition Continuing sensitiveness to events Analytical, job resolution, decision/ judgement-making accomplishments Social accomplishments and abilities Emotional opposition Pro-activity Creativity Mental legerity Balanced larning wonts and accomplishments Self cognition Pedler et. Al ( 2006 )Table 2: 11 Qualities of Effective DirectorsWhile taking the Honey and Mumford ( 1992 ) assessment a notable point was that even after I took the appraisal twice, with a spread of about two hebdomads I scored the highest for being a Reflector, considered to be more thought and less practical. Honey and Mumford ( 1986 ) proposed the Learning Styles Questionnaire ( LSQ ) claiming it to be more meaningful than Kolb ‘s ( Swailes and Senior 1999 ) . However, this theoretical account owes its origin to Kolb ( 1984: 41 ) , â€Å" acquisition is the procedure whereby cognition is created through the transmutation of experience. Knowledge consequences from the combination of hold oning experience and transforming it. † Kolb ‘s ( 1988 ) posit is based on the construct of experiential larning with the acquisition procedure affecting four distinguishable larning abilities/styles, based on a four-stage acquisition rhythm. Kolb devised his Learning Styles Inventory ( LSI ) to mensurate an person ‘s comparative penchant for the four acquisition manners ( Swailes and Senior 1999 ; Kolb, Rubin and Osland 1995 ) .Fig. 2, Honey & A ; Mumford Learning StyleBeginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/honey_mumford.htmlHoney & A ; Mumford utilize different nomenclatureMilitant for Concrete Experience Reflector for Brooding Observation Theorist for Abstract Conceptualization Pragmatist for Active ExperimentationFig. 1: Kolb ‘s Learning StyleBeginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/kolb.htmlKolb ‘s Learning ProcedureLearning from: CE – Concrete Experience RO – Brooding Observation AO – Abstract Conceptualization AE – Active Experiment The consequence on the LSQ i.e. Reflector is in crisp contrast to the diagnosing on the Personal Style Inventory, Hogan and Champagne ( 1980 ) where my personality signature is ESTJ ( Extrovert, Senser, Thinker, Judger ) – the Stabiliser. The Personal Style Inventory, Hogan and Champagne ( 1980 ) works with four braces of personality dimensions: Introversion/Extraversion ; Intuition/Sensing ; Feeling/Thinking and Perceiving/Judging. These concepts are based on the original work of Carl Jung ( 1921 ) and are a discrepancy of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ( in Myers and Mc Caulley, 1985 ) . Learners/managers with ESTJ personalities are thought to be more practical than believing unlike reflectors. However, there is a run of similarity every bit good. The Thinker in ESTJ is analytical, so is a Reflector Honey and Mumford ( 1992 ) idea of as. The Senser in ESTJ plants with ‘tedious item ‘ Hogan and Champagne ( 1980 ) so does the Reflector take every item into history before determinations. The Thinker in ESTJ has critical ability, the Reflector weighs pro ‘s and con ‘s. I view my calling as an chance to accomplish meaningful aims in a larger context. This scores high as a strength on Schein ‘s ( 2006 ) appraisal and identifies me as SV/Dedicated to Cause. The same appraisal shows my strong GM/General Management competency, wishing for AU/Autonomy and Independence, and a desire for SE/Security and Stability. The determination wholly correspond to Rowe ( 1987 ) Decision Style Inventory where I qualify as Directive. The best organisational tantrum for Rowe ‘s Directive type and Schein ‘s AU/Autonomy type is ‘structured, such as bureaucratisms, or where power and authorization are of import, ‘ notes Rowe ( 1987 ) . My learning manner is Tactile/Kinaesthetic harmonizing to Jester ‘s ( 2000 ) which seems linked to being Reflector, working with item. On Belbin ‘s ( 1981 ) I am an Implementer, Team-worker and Monitor/Evaluator. I am the Confronting Owl on the Conflict Questionnaire by Thomas & A ; Kilmann ( 2007, 1974 ) . Consistent with findings on the LSQ – Reflector, Implementers dislike unproved solutions or thoughts. Team Workers are risk-averse and work good with clearly defined ends like Reflectors. Team worker besides matches Owl the Confronter who seeks to decide differences until all stakeholders agree on a solution. Monitor/Evaluator are slow deciders like Reflectors and prefer to believe things through and see pro ‘s and con ‘s of sentiments and determinations. While Learning Manners are the â€Å" complex of characteristic cognitive, affectional, and physiological factors that serve as comparatively stable indexs of how a scholar perceives, interacts with, and responds to the acquisition environment. † Keefe ( 1979: 2 ) , what such an analysis may neglect to see is the context in which a learner/manager behaves in one or the other manner. An agreeable averment in this respect would be by Sadler-Smith ( 2001: 295 ) warning against the application of larning manner â€Å" in an indiscriminate manner. A necessary component of any statement that seeks to generalise is some comparing of the spheres which one seeks to generalise from and to. † Personally, I find â€Å" 11 Qualities of Effective Manager † Pedlar et Al ( 2006 ) and the Hogan and Champagne ( 1980 ) Personal Style Inventory others as both clearly indicate facets which are developed or are otherwise.Smart GoalsGet a calling occupation ( HR related )Get a occupation which facilitates personal development on strategic and decision-making and policy preparation accomplishmentsWork towards purpose: to be Director HR at a taking company like ReutersKeep in head: Learning and Development demands and better uponToolkit: Detailed PDPTable 3: Smart Goals3.1 Learning and Development NeedsDifferent larning manner appraisals helped border my apprehension of myself as a learner/manager. These exercisings have been exhaustively helpful in foregrounding my acquisition and development demands.REQUISITE LEARNING & A ; DEVELOPMENTDescriptionPrecedenceAcquire relevant professional cognition High – Immediate Proactive Attitude High Mental Agility High Time Management MediumTable 4: Learning and Development NeedsTheoretical background/academic apprehension, which will augment my professional competency, is what I am acute to work on and therefore hold enrolled myself on the class at Birkbeck. Successful directors must exhibit ‘career resiliency ‘ and should â€Å" take part in the direction of their callings by taking greater duty for their acquisition † Thomson et al. , 2001 Waterman et al. , 1994, as quoted in Martin and Butler, 2000. Absence of professional classs induces a sense of under-confidence and sometimes professional insecurity. The immediate negative consequence is that it makes my occupation really demanding and requires usage of creativeness. On the other manus nevertheless, I have thorough cognition sing my company and its countries of specialization. I have been actively involved in assorted undertakings, pulling up policies and processs, forming occupation carnivals, employer stigmatization, covering with ER issues, disciplinary, exit interviews, etc. The sense of under-confidence may good be a beginning of deficiency of pro-active attitude and mental legerity. Given the fact that on my occupation there are other co-workers with more makings and preparations under their belt, this may be keeping me back from being active and agile. I am reasonably good with Time Management. However, I do see the demand to be more effectual at this. Green and Skinner ( 2005 ) believe that pull offing clip has positive impact on calling and life.Proposed Learningâ€Å" Learning is perceived as a consequence from four chief sources/activities viz. ‘experience ‘ ( from mundane life and on-the-job ) , ‘training ‘ , ‘modelling others in the workplace ‘ and ‘coaching ‘ ( i.e. apprenticeship and being looked after ) † Antonacopoulou, ( 1999 ) . There is an discernible inter-dependence between the acquisition and development demands. This translates into a dependable PDP. As mentioned earlier, I will utilize the PDP to maintain a cheque on my advancement. This means that the PDP will be revised from time-to-time.Table 5: Personal Development PlanDecisionThis write-up critically reviewed consequences of assorted larning manners appraisals and derived a Personal Development Plan holding with the averment that persons are responsible for their calling development, non merely organisations CIPD ( 2010, 2003 ) . Under the undermentioned two sub-headings, I will transport out a larning reappraisal every bit good as give a self-reflective history.Learning ReviewAssorted appraisals have given me a clear image of what my larning precedences should be and that in order for this to be a learning exercising and experience that delivers, it is indispensable that my ends be interdependent every bit good as SMART. At present, figuratively talking, I am stat mis off from where I should be working i.e. my current occupation in a proficient section of a messenger company is no aid to my calling programs. However, I am now excess and this might be a approval in camouflage. I want to be in a HR occupation. This will assist me go on my journey towards my ends all the manner developing strategic decision-making accomplishments. Besides it will relieve the sense of professional in-security as I am seeking complimentary formal instruction. I see that this fright has done me harm in footings of decreased mental legerity and low degree of proactive attitude. I will maintain a cheque on my advancement through the PDP. All of the above is clip dependent. Green and Skinner ( 2005 ) put it as holding ‘positive impact ‘ and I will work towards accomplishing excellence in clip direction.Self-reflectionUnder larning reappraisal above, I have tried to reexamine my ends as set above to and turn out that they are inter-dependant. Further immediate betterment is direly needed in footings of theoretical constructs and formal specializer knowledge-base which will assist me derive more professional competency and encouragement assurance.

Necessity for Nuclear Weapons

The Necessity of Nuclear Power As time goes by and the world becomes more advanced technologically, we develop a greater need for energy sources. Most of the fuels that we use today are non-renewable, such as coal and oil. Nuclear power is a source of power which brings many benefits. It is less expensive because it is based on uranium, which is easily accessible. With very little amounts of uranium, great amounts of energy can be produced. A significant advantage is that by producing energy using nuclear power, the process does not give off Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which contribute to the rising problem of Global Warming.One of the biggest advantages of nuclear power is the discoveries made in nuclear medicine, such as CAT scan, cancer therapy and MRI machines. Nuclear power has become more useful in the past century with the inventions of nuclear weapons. The invention of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and other weapons of mass destruction has given nations more power and source of safety. A single weapon can be capable of destroying a whole city. Nuclear weapons have only been used twice in history, both during the closing events of the Second World War in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.It is a wise decision to possess nuclear weapons if you are a wealthy nation with power. If a nation feels threatened at any time, it can depend on these weapons to protect themselves from the enemy. Nuclear power has disadvantages as well. If any accidents were to occur, many people can be fatally injured. Nuclear plants are only reliable to a certain extent. In reality, if any accident were to happen, a whole city can be expected to evacuate. One major disadvantage of nuclear power is that is creates significant amounts of radioactive waste.This waste causes problems for the world because of its high radiation. The waste remains for hundreds of years and creates high temperatures. Although nuclear power does have disadvantages, I believe that it necessary as long as it is used in the correct manner. The fossil fuels used for energy today are not an infinite resource. Someday, humans may need to rely on different sources of power and energy for consumption. Without the proper source of energy, our world would stop because people would not know how to react to the shortage of resources.In nuclear power and the production of energy can be handled correctly, a possibility of an accident is relatively rare. Nuclear power can be a good substitute for the burning of fossil fuels for energy. The manufacturing of weapons of mass destruction is also beneficial to the well-being of nations and the people. If any disputes that led to war were to occur, countries have the ability to protect themselves if need be. Knowing the fact that multiple nations may be in possession of such weapons, decreases the likelihood of severe combat.

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lab Report Example Quiz I: Psychometric Analysis The 12 item quiz described as Quiz I was associated with a mean of 6.4 and an SD of 2.657 (min = 0, max = 12). The distribution of the total scores was not very normal with skew observed to be 0.111 and kurtosis to be -0.888. The Pearson correlations between the 12 items in the quiz are reported in table 1. This shows that while the test has otherwise acceptable psychometric properties, some items may need to be revised or removed. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 12 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the ‘quiz I performance’ variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 9 or hig her were associated with the higher set. Table 2 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, and it is evident that items 11 and 12 did not achieve a D index of more than 29%. This could mean that these items are poorly constructed or that they do not contribute to the test as well as the other items (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that these items contribute poorly to the quiz and have correlation coefficient s of less than 0.20. The internal consistency analysis conducted using the Cronbach’s ? was also marginally below the requisite 0.70 level (Nunnally & Brenstien, 1994) with a statistic value of 0.683. Given this data, it was believed that the quiz needed to be revised. Thus, items 12 and 11 were sequentially removed from the quiz and the Cronbach’s ? was re-estimated. The quiz was now composed of 10 items and was associated with an acceptable ? level of 0.734. The revised scale had a mean score of 5.128 with SD = 2.56 (min = 0, max = 10).the distribution of scores for the new quiz was also slightly more normalized with skew = 0.20 and kurtosis = -0.780. Quiz II: Psychometric analysis The 11 item quiz described as Quiz II was associated with a mean of 5.48 and an SD of 2.67 (min = 0, max = 11). The distribution of the total scores was approximately normal with skew observed to be 0.043 and kurtosis to be -0.8. The Pearson correlations between the 11 items in the quiz are reported in table 3. This shows that the test has acceptable psychometric properties. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 11 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the quiz performance variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 7 or higher were associated with the higher set. Table 4 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, all of which managed to achieve an acceptable D index (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that all items did contribute adequately to the quiz and

The Birds and Psycho Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Birds and Psycho - Essay Example Considering that these two movies are horror movies, the sound and the music tracks involved plays a great role in developing the suspense and tension, which are the major reactions elicited by the movies. While moving from one scene to the other, the sound track keeps changing and advancing in their menacing nature, making the audience feel as if the next scene is happening right there with them. This sound technique has been extensively applied in the movie† the Bird.† At the scene where seagulls set themselves on children during Cathy’s party, the soundtrack that precedes the scene is definitely warning. Additionally, when Melanie goes to check on Cathy at school, out of fear that she might be harmed on her way from school, there is sinister sound track that plays, as the crows are amassing themselves in the school’s play ground ready to attack children, raising tension and creating suspense on the audience as they wait to see what happens next (Raubicheck and Walter, 28). The same ominous application of sound can be identified in the movie â€Å"Psycho†. The sound track that is applied in the scene where Marion enters a bathroom to shower is terrifying. The sound track precedes the coming of a shadowed-figure of a woman, who stabs her to death. The sounds playing before the scene where the detective is attacked by the shadowed woman figure , creates great tension and suspension, which makes the audience anticipate, without any doubt that something terrible is going to happen. And sure enough, the suspense and tension is confirmed by the sudden stabbing of the detective to death (Raubicheck and Walter, 56). Strange and undisclosed character use is yet another comparison between the movies, "The Birds" and â€Å"Psycho". In both movies, it is not clear what causes the attacks and deaths that occur. Alfred Hitchcock uses strange characters in both movies, where in â€Å"the Bird†,