'A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World\r'

'I chose the go for Cod: A Biography of the weight That Changed the World. As the title educes, and the origin, nock Kurlansky, explores, a simple seek, more proper(postnominal) whollyy, turn in, has an importance that has been proved end-to-end history. The prologue is set in Petty Harbour, a town in Newfoundland and tells a story of three experienced angleermen, surface-to-air missile, Leonard, and Bernard.\r\nThey be bug outicipating in the vigil Fishery which was an attempt to help scientists and fishermen work unneurotic to measure the hang on of collect. Their boat was to catch as many pester as they could and measure and ticket them. A second boat was to catch incisively 100 scold and open them to identify their mature and sex. For three men who search was their life hobby, you would pretend this would be an enjoyable job, besides in actuality, it was a result of the Canadian g everyplacenment shutting vote down groundfishing in order to control fis hing operations as to maintain the quantity and life of the bring in.\r\nThe book unfolds in three parts and each part has aggregate chapters. Part One, entitled A Fish Tale, begins by describing the Vikings as the first known fishermen of cash on delivery. The Vikings super supply to travel long distances and discover new places was due(p) to their skill in air drying the cod. This form of bent fish preserved the cod and allowed them a nourishment source that did not spoil quickly.\r\nFurthermore, the Basques, who were a unavowed group, were able to maintain their independence because they had a plastered economy which was a result of adding salting to the air process as a agency to preserve the cod. This allowed them to travel long distances, monopolize on spotting cod on their secret waters and in addition, were able to heavily wiliness cod. This section excessively talks close different atomic number 18as arguing over access to different waters, the attempt to flummox trade and explorers claiming land. Cod was the common item that resulted in the abhorrence among these topics.\r\nThe book goes into gigantic point of how North the States was explored by multiple Europeans. The rise and fall of power by the French, the English and the Germans are discussed, as sanitary as slavery, wars, trade, and taxation. All of this important history is colligate to the codfish. The catching, the selling, the trading, and the monopolizing of waters all contri barelyed to the development of the colonies, and because of this fish, the book purposes cod was the fish that changed the world.\r\nThis section also covers details about the actual fish including how cod live, how they reproduce, and what they eat. Cod are not strong, nor fast and swim with their mouth open. Consequently, they commode be caught without bait because they swallow anything that fits in their mouth, including jiggers and they dont go under up a fight with the fisherman. They a re great sources of protein, especially when dried, and in that location is no waste on the fish. There are ten families of cod and allow over 200 species.\r\nThe Atlantic cod is the virtually democratic and produces the highest fiscal return as come up as the greatest status amongst fishermen. Part Two, Limits, condensees on dickens subjects. First, it discusses the dangers of fishing for cod. It elabo lay outs on the terrible conditions including frore temperatures, fog, currents, lack of sleep and equipment injuries. It is said that more fishermen abide been wooly-minded at sea than men died in the wars.\r\nThese deaths are a result of boats getting lost at sea, sinking, and men falling or universe swept off the boats. These fishermen take the risk because fishing means economic survival. Secondly, this section of the book presents the hostile theories of biologists between overfishing and the natural resource of cod beingness invincible. Those fearing the depletion o f cod suggest it is because of better techniques (longlining and gillnetting), increasing engineering science (chronometer, telegraph, and freezing) and modernization of boats (engine and steam-powered and motor ships) and equipment (sonar and spotter aircraft).\r\nAs a result, nations began to claim their coastal waters which started at three miles and by 1975, after three cod wars, was expanded to 200-mile limits.Part Three, The Last Hunters, outlines quotas and moratoriums implemented in the later history in order to seek the bar of cod depletion. As a result, fishermen and fishing communities gainful the price. One aspect of Canadas moratorium developed a supervise program which brings the book full circle to the prologue where Sam and his friends were working as part of the lookout man Fishery.\r\nFrom giving medications to fishermen and all the scientists and councils in between, everyone has their own opinion on whether or not the cod will replenish themselves to a num ber that will allow economic gains. The cosmos is that costs were greater than revenue and as a result, overfishing became a complex global problem that labored fishermen to find new(prenominal) jobs. As a result, fishing communities drastically changed.\r\nOne of the books arguments is that of nature being unendingly endless versus the concept of overfishing depleting the cod declination. The topic of saving, or lack of, can be paralleled to these conflicting concepts. As depict in this assignment, saving is defined as the management of a resource or brass to acquire its productivity over beat. In this case, I will address the conservation of cod and how the supply was managed, or mismanaged, end-to-end history up until the time this book was first published in 1997. As the books title simply states, cod has changed the world.\r\nMore complexly, it allowed for a food source and financial stability end-to-end most of history. I would conclude that the majority of the 18 00s, conservation wasnt considered necessary. The prominent philosopher, Thomas Henry Huxley, was on multiple fishing commissions, spoke internationally, and persuaded government bodies that it was not come-at-able to overfish for cod. Despite what fishermen had thought, Huxley proclaimed that cod will invariably reproduce at a faster rate than caught.\r\nIt wasnt until after his death that the British government admitted that overfishing was then occurring. This was in 1902 and was the first the book mentions the concern, which remained a focus throughout the 1900s and the rest of the book. It wasnt until 1949 that the International Commission for the northwestward Atlantic Fisheries was organized to begin addressing ways to regulate the growing fishing industry.\r\nThis is the first conservation was considered on a global level. Several examples of conservation unfolded throughout the next 50 years. Setting limits and waters were not always agreed upon throughout various natio ns, but all began to recognize the problem. The Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management take on in 1976 developed the 200-mile conservation zone. The oddment was to erase foreign fishing, reduce overfishing, and allow the cod stock to replenish.\r\nThe European Union Common Fishing insurance policy was put in place in the seventies as well(p). The policy outlined very specific quotas per boat, species, area and time frame. It was in 1992, that the Canadian government established a moratorium that shut down groundfishing along the east coast. One component of the moratorium was the development of Newfoundlands Sentinel Fishery which I referenced earlier. These types of programs were implemented to monitor the cod stock.\r\nHere in the US in 1994, the National Marine Fishery Services reacted to their findings that the cod stock was rapidly declining. Further conservation measures were seen in the restricted number of days that vessels were allowed to groundfish. The origi nal 139-day travail was then lowered to 88 days inside two years based on the feature that numbers continued to decline. Furthermore, the monitoring systems were an attempt to sustain the cod for future generations.\r\nIn this particular case, I feel conservation and sustainability go hand and hand. In an attempt to sustain the cod, the controversial idea of fish farming is discussed. Fish farming is when cod are enclosed in an area and fed to make out them up. Maybe, in theory, this seems to be a solution, but scientists suggest that farming comes with consequences. Because of how the cod are farmed, they are oft unable to adapt when they are released inshore for spawning.\r\nAlthough conservation wasnt a concern in the first half(prenominal) of the book, the second half discussed limits as a means for conservation. Examples of restricting areas of fishing, limiting numbers of fish caught and limiting the number of days allowed to fish were evident but also challenged as mayb e a comminuted too late forthcoming.\r\nThe second topic I would like to discuss is that of a embark. As outlined in this assignment, a hazard is defined as an object, condition, or process that threatens individuals and society in terms of production or reproduction. I would like to suggest that the process of overfishing is a hazard that this book unfolds throughout history. Overfishing is simply when cod are caught at a faster rate than they can naturally reproduce.\r\nThe author suggests that man is part of the natural world and the two cant separate themselves, and in this case, the activity of overfishing is driven by man. Cod provided a source of protein and a financial stability to many nations. As populations increased, the demand for cod increased, and so, the industry became competitive in nature. Because of this, fishing for the Atlantic cod became commercialized, and although nations modernized at different speeds, the goal for all was to catch more.\r\nAs early as 1815, the French used the technique of longlining. Although it was expensive because of the measuring of bait that was used, it was the first advancement from handlining and allowed for numerous fish to be caught at once. From there, bottom dragging became popular and although it was an effective method of catching a potbelly of cod at once, it was also damaging to other fish that got caught in the net. In addition to meliorate techniques, curing methods sophisticated and freezing methods were developed.\r\nTechnology advancements include the chronometer and telegraph which both improved navigation, and sonors and spotter aircraft back up in spotting cod schools. Fishing boats advanced from oars and sails to steam-powered to motorships. All of these advancements aided in the overfishing and consequently became a hazard. Scientists argue that you cant predict nature and there is no way to tell if and when, as well as, how long it will take to replenish the cod stock. For this rea son, I suggest overfishing to be a hazard.\r\nThe depletion of cod has ramifications on todays society. Fishing communities arrive suffered as fishermen have been displaced and forced to find other work, and the economy of these towns do not have the same stability as they once did. In addition, cod was a nutritional food source and my guess is that is will kick the bucket an expensive delicacy. Cod was a constant drag throughout history, and its importance is indisputable.\r\nThis book provided me with knowledge of the species, as well as how this simple fish attached nations across the northwest region. Conservation attempts were outlined after the concept of overfishing was identified as a concern. The hazard of man overfishing was proven as history unfolded and proficient advancements developed. In addition to all the great detail this book provided about cod, the fish that changed the world, the tales, recipes, and pictures brought life to the subject.\r\n'